Artikel 2 Flashcards
Arbitrary Thresholds
The use of fixed cut-off points to determine whether an individual meets the criteria for a diagnosis, which can be limiting.
A person with slightly fewer than five symptoms of depression might not be diagnosed with depression, despite experiencing significant distress.
Transdiagnostic Dimensional Approaches
Approaches that apply continuous dimensions across multiple mental disorders rather than using distinct categories.
Focuses on core dimensions of mental health (e.g., negative affect, emotional dysregulation) that apply across disorders, bypassing the need for strict diagnostic criteria.
Negative affect is a dimension that cuts across anxiety and depression, where individuals can exhibit varying levels of worry and sadness without necessarily meeting criteria for a specific diagnosis.
Network Approaches
Approaches that view mental disorders as dynamic systems of interrelated symptoms, focusing on how symptoms influence each other rather than being the result of a single underlying disorder.
Symptom interrelations (e.g., insomnia → fatigue → sadness) are seen as key to understanding and treating mental disorders.
In depression, insomnia may lead to fatigue, which then causes difficulty concentrating, increasing sadness and social withdrawal in a network of symptoms.
Clinical Staging Approaches
A model that classifies mental disorders based on stages of progression, aiming to link diagnosis with appropriate treatments and prognosis.
Offers a blend of categorical and dimensional classification to track mental illness progression over time and align treatment accordingly.
The stages range from Stage 0 (asymptomatic but at risk) to Stage 4 (treatment-resistant disorder), guiding interventions based on the severity and progression of the disorder.
Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
A framework that organizes dimensions of psychopathology into six core spectra: Internalizing, Externalizing, Thought Disorder, Detachment, Antagonism, and Somatoform, with a general psychopathology factor (p-factor) encompassing common features of all disorders.
Emphasizes dimensionality over categorical diagnosis, helping to better predict outcomes like suicidality and impairment.
Internalizing spectrum includes anxiety and depression, while the Externalizing spectrum includes disorders like ADHD or substance use disorders.
General Factor of Psychopathology (p-factor)
A broad dimension representing the shared features across all mental disorders, akin to a general vulnerability to psychopathology.
High levels of the p-factor might reflect a general susceptibility to a range of disorders, from anxiety to substance abuse.
Transdiagnostic Approaches
- strenghts (2)
Avoid arbitrary diagnostic thresholds.
Address subthreshold symptoms.
Transdiagnostic Approaches
- limitations (1)
Difficulty in mapping these dimensions to specific interventions.
Network Approaches
- Strenghts (2)
Highlight the importance of symptom interrelations.
Can identify key symptoms for targeted intervention.
Network Approaches
- limitations (1)
Conceptual challenges in interpreting network structures.
Clinical Staging Approaches
Strenghts (2)
Links stages of illness to appropriate treatments.
Accounts for dynamic progression of disorders.
Clinical Staging Approaches
Limitations (1)
Requires further development to be widely applicable across all mental disorders.
