Lecture 7: The evidence for evolution

Question 1

Diversity:

Answer 1

the enormous range of animals and plants

Question 2

Adaption:

Answer 2

the way each organism ‘fits’ its environment

Question 3

The purpose of science is

Answer 3

to increase our under-standing of ourselves and the world around us

Question 4

Scientific method:

Answer 4

1) look for patterns
2) think up potential explanations for these patterns
3) Test your ideas

Question 5

Theories of the History of Life

Answer 5

• Separate creation |||||
• Transformation /////
• Evolution (evolution tree)

Question 6

Do changes occur over time? (peppered moth [Biston betularia] example)

Answer 6

• in last 150yrs melanic form has increased from rarest to most common.
• during industrial revolution black moth became most common this then died down, Britain cleaned up % became more rare

Question 7

Artificial selection; dogs

Answer 7

• dogs have been artificially selected

- dogs can interbreed but are morphologically (form) variable; e.g. lottie and meg

Question 8

Do changes occur in space? e.g. The Herring & Lesser black-backed gulls

Answer 8

are a ring species (change as you go around the earth)

Question 9

Cline;

Answer 9

a gradation in on or more characteristics within a species or other taxon, especially between different populations

Question 10

Classification based on homologous characteristics

Answer 10

Kingdom 
phylum 
class
order
family 
species 
[[[King phillip comes over for spaghetti]]]

Question 11

Homologous characters:

Answer 11

are traits that mare inherited from a common ancestor (but may now serve different functions)

Question 12

Homologous characters e.g.

Answer 12

Darwins finches; all have beaks, however they are used differently. i.e. for eating different food..
Genes - are a universal homology!

Question 13

Homologous characters are not homologous if

Answer 13

THEY SHARE COMMON FUNCTION