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SOEN 384 > Lecture 7 - Software Estimation I.2 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Software Estimation I.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which estimation techniques for effort, schedule, and cost uses a mathematical formula that takes into account various factors that affect duration?

A

Parametric estimation

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2
Q

Which estimation techniques for effort, schedule, and cost is based on technical, physical, or other end item characteristic?

A

Parametric estimation

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3
Q

Parametric estimation can produce higher levels of accuracy compared to experience-based methods depending on…

A

parameters employed and quality of the data

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4
Q

TF: Parametric estimation is the least common estimation techniques

A

False. The most common estimation techniques

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5
Q

Regression-based estimation is an example of what type of estimation?

A

Parametric Estimation

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6
Q

How is effort measured for small to moderate projects using regression-based estimation?

A

EFFORT = a * SIZE + c
- a, c = constants determined by local circumstance
- SIZE = estimated product size
- EFFORT is in staff-months

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7
Q

In regression-based estimation, the magnitude of the effort is…

A

a linear function of the size of the project

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8
Q

TF: Regression-based estimation model holds up for projects accomplished by large teams with many people

A

False. For projects accomplished by small teams of 2-3 people

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9
Q

What does CoCoMo stand for?

A

Constructive Cost Model

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10
Q

TF: CoCoMo is a regression model based on LOC (lines of code)

A

True

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11
Q

CoCoMo is an empirical model based on…

A

project experience

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12
Q

TF: CoCoMo is not well document

A

False

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13
Q

TF: CoCoMo is independent of a specific software vendor

A

True

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14
Q

When was CoCoMo initially published?

A

1981 (COCOMO-81)

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15
Q

When was CoCoMo last published?

A

1999 (COCOMO-II)

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16
Q

TF: COCOMO-II takes into account different approaches to software development, reuse, etc.

A

True

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17
Q

What equation is CoCoMo built around?

A

EFFORT = c * (SIZE)^k
- effort measured in p-m
- size measured in thousands of delivered source code instructions (kdsi)
- c, k are constants

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18
Q

In CoCoMo estimation model, Boehm stated c, k depended on whether the system could be classified as… (3)

A
  • organic
  • semi-detached
  • embedded
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19
Q

The team size is small, problem is well understood and solved in the past, and team members have nominal experience regarding the problem describes which model-classification?

A

Organic Classification

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20
Q

Project requiring highest level of complexity, creativity, and experience describes which model-classification?

A

Embedded Classification

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21
Q

TF: Embedded model-classification requires the largest team and requires devs to be experienced and creative to develop the complex software

A

True

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22
Q

A project with vital characteristics such as team-size, experience, knowledge of various programming environment describes which model-classification?

A

Semi-Detached Classification

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23
Q

TF: The Embedded model-classification lies in between Organic and Semi-detached classifications

A

False. Semi-detached classification lies in between Organic and Embedded Classification

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24
Q

The Semi-detached classification is easy to develop compared to Organic classification and require less experience and guidance

A

False. Difficult to develop compared to Organic classification and requires more experience and guidance

25
Q

How does CoCoMo II accommodate for the need for estimates at different stages in the system life cycle?

A

By having models for three different stages

26
Q

What are the three models of the CoCoMo II Model?

A
  1. Early prototyping level
  2. Early design level
  3. Post-architectural level
27
Q

What are the characteristics of Early prototyping level of CoCoMo II? (2)

A
  • Based on “object points”
  • Simple formula
28
Q

What is the characteristic of Early design level of CoCoMo II?

A

Based on “function points” that are translated to lines of source code (LOC)

29
Q

What is the characteristic of Post-architectural level of CoCoMo II?

A

Estimates based on LOC

30
Q

What happens in the Application composition development stage of CoCoMo II?

A

The external features of the system that users will experience are designed

31
Q

What happens in the early design development stage of CoCoMo II?

A

The fundamental software structures are designed

32
Q

What happens in the Post-architecture development stage of CoCoMo II?

A

Software structures undergo final construction, modification, and turning to create a system that will perform as required

33
Q

What equation can be used to calculate estimate of person-months in Early-design?

A

p-m = A * (SIZE)^sf x em1… x emn
- p-m = effort in person-months
- A = constant which is set to 2.94
- size = measured in kdsi
- sf = exponent scale factor
- em = effort multipliers

34
Q

What is the purpose of the exponent scale factor (sf)?

A

increase effort predicted for large projects

35
Q

What are the 4 Scale Factor values?

A
  1. Development flexibility (FLEX)
  2. Architecture/risk resolution (RESL)
  3. Team cohesion (TEAM)
  4. Process maturity (PMAT)
36
Q

What is Development flexibility scale factor value?

A

Number of possibilities to meet the requirements

37
Q

What is Architecture/risk resolution scale factor value?

A

Degree of uncertainty about the requirements

38
Q

What is Team cohesion scale factor value?

A

Degree to which there is a large dispersed team

39
Q

What is Process maturity scale factor value?

A

The more structured and organized the software is produced, the lower the uncertainty and the lower the rating for this exponent driver

40
Q

What is the Precedentedness (PREC) scale factor value?

A

Degree to which there are similar cases in the past, for the project being planned

41
Q

slide 16 for example

A

slide 17 for answer

42
Q

TF: An effort multiplier (em) greater than 1 decreases development effort

A

False. Increases development effort

43
Q

TF: AN effort multiplier (em) less than 1 decreases development effort

A

True

44
Q

TF: A nominal rating for effort multiplier (em) means that the multiplier has no effect

A

True

45
Q

slide 20, 21 for example

A

slide 22 for solution

46
Q

What are the five steps for developing an estimation model?

A
  1. Determine list of potential / most important effort cost drivers
  2. Select initial estimation model
  3. Measure and estimate projects and compare
  4. Evaluate quality of estimation as part of project post-mortem
  5. Update and validate model at appropriate intervals
47
Q

Parametric-based Estimation does what?

A

Relates cost of system to one or more parameters of system like physical or performance characteristics

48
Q

What does Parametric-based estimation apply? (3)

A
  • Cost estimates and trade-offs for systems in early development
  • Quick reaction estimates
  • Independent check on other estimates
49
Q

TF: Parametric-based estimation is sensitive to significant design changes

A

True

50
Q

TF: Parametric-based estimation does not quantify effects of cost drivers

A

False. It does quantify effects of cost drivers

51
Q

TF: Parametric-based estimation gives quick, reproducible results

A

True

52
Q

What are the cons of Parametric-based estimation? (3)

A
  • Inputs are subjective
  • Results not as precise
  • Requires skilled analyst to develop
53
Q

TF: For cost estimation, project scope does not need to be explicitly defined

A

False. Must be explicitly defined

54
Q

TF: In cost estimation, task, functional, or component decomposition is necessary

A

True

55
Q

TF: In cost estimation, historical measures (metrics) are very helpful

A

True

56
Q

TF: In cost estimation, using one technique is enough

A

False. Should use two or more estimation techniques to assure fit

57
Q

What is Parkinson’s Law?

A

Work expands to fill the time available

58
Q

What is Murphy’s law?

A

Anything that can go wrong will go wrong

59
Q

What is Brook’s Law?

A

Putting more people on a late project makes it later

SOEN 384 (14 decks)

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