Lecture 7: Skeletal system - articulations Flashcards
synarthrosis are ____ and very (un/ stable). they get their strength against mechanical forces from ____ and ____
- synarthrosis = bones held tightly together by fibrous CT and are very stable
- get their strength against mechanical forces from their limited flexibility and lack of movement
amphiarthrosis are more about ____ than mobility; they are bound together with _____ pads or disks, and further bound by ____
- amphiarthrosis are more about stability than mobility
- bound together with fibrocartilage pads or disks, and further bound by ligaments
diarthrosis are enclosed in a ______ joint capsule; this capsule is lined with ____ [produced by the synovial membrane] which does what? the articular surfaces of bone are protected by ____; what supports joints?
- diarthrosis are enclosed in a fibroelastic joint capsule - capsule is lined with synovium which produces synovial fluid to lubricate joints and reduce friction
- articular surfaces of bone are protected by hyline cartilage
- ligaments and tendons support joints
bursa are ____ located near ____
- bursae = small sacs filled with synovial fluid
- located near diarthrotic joints and the muscles/ joints associated with them
function of bursae (3)
- reduce friction outside the capsule
- reduces wear-n-tear
- prevents vessels and nerves from being compressed by providing separation
examples of diarthrotic joints (6)
- gliding
- pivot
- hinge
- condyloid/ ellipsoidal
- saddle
- ball and socket
gliding socket [define; location (4)]
- slides back and forth
- intercarpal and intertarsal
- vertebrocostal [facets of vertebra and ribs]
- TMJ
- zygoapophyseal [between vertebra facets]
pivot [define; location (2)]
- uniaxial rotation around central axis
- atlantoaxial joint [atlas/ axis] = rotation of head
- proximal radioulnar joint = supination/ pronation of the forearm
hinge [define; location (5)]
- uniaxial movement; flexion/ extension
- humerus [elbow]
- tibiofemoral [knee]
- interphalangeal [toes/ fingers]
- talocrural [ankle]
- TMJ
condyloid / ellipsoidal [define; location (3)]
- biaxial movement; flexion/ extension and ab/adduction
- metacarpalphalangeal [knuckles]
- atlanto-occipital joint [C1 - skull] = atlas and occipital of the skull
- radiocarpal joint [wrist]
saddle [define; location (2)]
- wider range of motion; multiplanar; opposition; flexion/ extension; ab/adduction; limited circumduction
- 1st carpometacarpal joint
- sternoclavicular joint
ball and socket [define; location (2)]
- multiaxial [greatest range of motion]; ab/adduction; medial/ lateral rotation; circumduction
- glenohumeral joint = thumb
- femuroacetabular joint = hip
ligaments are composed of _____ and connect bone to ____; provide ____ for joints; (increase/ reduce) flexibility of joint and restricts _____; (fair/ poor) vascularization means what for healing?
- ligaments are composed of dense regular CT and connect bone to bone
- provide stability to for joints
- reduce flexibility of joints and restrict movement
- poor vascularization means healing is slow and poor results
TMJ [define injury; type of articulation; define]
- TMJ damage = misalignment of one or both of the associated joints
- combination hinge and gliding joint
- joint supported by 3 ligaments and has an articular disk which separates the joint cavity into a superior and inferior portion
herniation
fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disk of the vertebral column could protrude posterolaterally
