Lecture 1: Cell structure

Question 1

example of inorganic (2) and organic (4) compounds

Answer 1

• water
• electrolytes
• protein
• carbohydrates
• lipids
• nucleic acids

Question 2

composition of cell membrane (3)

Answer 2

• lipids [phospholipids]
• proteins
• carbs

Question 3

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 3

lipid components arranged in a bilayer [acts as a fluid]; proteins and carbs float in the sea of lipid

Question 4

function of the cell membrane (4)

Answer 4

• compartmentalization
• regulation of movement from one place to another [selectively permeable]
• communication between cells and cell-to-cell recognition
• provides recognition sites [for enzymes, hormones, antibodies, etc]

Question 5

ribosome (2)

Answer 5

• composed of RNA and protein

- site of protein synthesis [protein factories]

Question 6

endoplasmic reticulum (2)

Answer 6

• membranous network of channels located throughout the cytoplasm [continuous with nuclear membrane]
• acts as a channel for communication/ transport throughout the cell

Question 7

rough ER (2)

Answer 7

• ribosomes on the surface

- manufacture and transport of protein

Question 8

smooth ER (2)

Answer 8

• no ribosomes

- responsible for lipid production and calcium storage

Question 9

golgi complex (2)

Answer 9

• stacks of flattened sacs

- protein storage = packs materials into vestibules/ granules for storage/ secretion

Question 10

mitochondria (2)

Answer 10

• unique rod shape with cristae

- cellular respiration and production of energy from ATP cell functions

Question 11

cristae (2)

Answer 11

• internal compartments of the mitochondria

- allows for increased surface area for respiration

Question 12

cytoplasmic inclusions

Answer 12

• small components of cells related to a cells specific function

Question 13

microvilli (2)

Answer 13

• finger-like projections of cell membrane made by in-folding
• increases surface area of cell membrane and facilitates transport

Question 14

cilia (2)

Answer 14

• cytoplasmic projections made of microtubules

- move in a wave-like fashion to move mucous etc

Question 15

cellular adhesions (3)

Answer 15

• tight junctions = from a tight seal between cells
• desmosomes = spot weld cells together
• gap junctions = allow for cell-to-cell exchange and communication

Question 16

carbohydrates (3)

Answer 16

• monosaccharides = glucose
• disaccharides = sucrose
• polysaccharides = glycogen

Question 17

lipids (3)

Answer 17

• fats = storage form
• cholesterol = precursor to fat soluble vitamins/ steroid hormones
• phospholipids = amphipathic; forms lipid bilayer [creates cell membrane]

Question 18

nucleic acids (2)

Answer 18

• DNA = chromosomes/ genetic info

- RNA = protein synthesis

Question 19

structure of nucleus (3)

Answer 19

• chromatin = DNA and protein
• nuclear envelope = membrane surrounding nucleus
• nucleolus = internal to nucleus; site of RNA synthesis

Question 20

function of nucleus (3)

Answer 20

• stores genetic material
• involved in cell division [mitosis]
• regulates cell metabolism and activity of all organelles

Question 21

microtubules (3)

Answer 21

• small hollow tubules that run through the cytoplasm
• formed by protein tubulin
• act as a conducting channel substances pass through the cytoplasm

Question 22

centrioles (2)

Answer 22

• cylindrically shaped organelle of 9 triplets of microtubules
• 2 per cell near the nucleus

Question 23

microfilaments (3)

Answer 23

• thin strands of proteins found in bundles
• provide cytoskeletal support
• associated with contractile activities and locomotion [actin/ myosin]; abundant in muscle cells