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Anatomy > Lecture 5: axial skeleton > Flashcards

Lecture 5: axial skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

axial skeleton (4)

A
  • body without limbs
  • skull
  • vertebral column
  • ribcage
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2
Q

foramen

A

opening/ hole passing into or through a bone

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3
Q

process

A

a bony projection; variety of shapes

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4
Q

fossa

A

concave impression

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5
Q

facet

A

a smaller fossa; usually where two or more bones articulate with each other

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6
Q

neurocranium

A

houses and protects the brain

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7
Q

frontal bone (2)

A
  • protects the brain anteriorly and inferiorly

- roof of the orbit

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8
Q

parietal bones

A

protects the brain laterally and superiorily

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9
Q

occipital bone (3)

A
  • protects the brain posteriorly and inferiorly
  • foramen magnum = passage of spinal cord
  • occipital condyles = articulates with the first vertabrae
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10
Q

temporal bone (5)

A
  • inferior, lateral side of the skull
  • most of the zygomatic arch
  • mastoid process [mp] = posterior to ear
  • styloid process
  • external auditory meatus = bony portion of outer ear canal
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11
Q

sphenoid bone

A

floor of cranium

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12
Q

sella turica

A

site of pituitary gland

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13
Q

ethmoid bone has (3) parts

A
  • cribiform plate = passage of olfactory nerve
  • crista galli = attachment of dura mater
  • perpendicular plate = upper part of nasal plate
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14
Q

components of the viscerocranium (6)

A
  • zygomatic bone
  • maxilla
  • mandible
  • nasal bones
  • lacrimal bone
  • vomer
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15
Q

components of the neurocranium (6)

A
  • frontal bone
  • parietal bone
  • occipital bone
  • temporal bone
  • sphenoid bone
  • ethmoid bone
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16
Q

zygomatic bone

A

cheek and lateral orbit

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17
Q

maxilla (3)

A
  • upper jaw/ teeth
  • forms large part of the hard palate [with palatine bones]
  • forms most of the nasal cavity
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18
Q

palatine bone

A

posterior part of the hard palate

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19
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw/ teeth

20
Q

nasal bones

A

forms bridge of nose

21
Q

lacrimal bone

A

within medial orbit; tunnel for tears from nasal cavity

22
Q

vomer

A

forms inferior portion of nasal septum with perpendicular plate of ethmoid

23
Q

hyoid bone (3)

A
  • horseshoe shaped bone in the neck that doesn’t articulate with any bones in the head
  • attachment for tendons and ligaments
  • involved with swallowing and moving the tongue
24
Q

sternum [breastplate]

A

interior portion of the ribcage

25
Q

3 components of the sternum

A
  • manubrium [superior]
  • body
  • xiphoid process [inferior]
26
Q

sternal angle [function and location]

A
  • used to locate the junction of the 2nd rib and sternum

- located at the junction of the manubrium and body of the sternum

27
Q

jugular notch

A
  • slightly curved region on the superior edge of the manubrium
28
Q

all ribs articulate (posteriorly/ anteriorly) with the spinal column; from the walls of the ____

A

all ribs articulate posteriorly with the spinal column; from the walls of the thorax

29
Q

components of the rib (4)

A
  • body
  • head = posterior end; articulates with the thoracic vertabrae
  • articular facets = point of contact with vertebral column
  • sternal end = attachment site of costal cartilage
30
Q

intercostal spaces (2)

A
  • in between the ribs

- contains muscles, nerves and blood vessels

31
Q

formation of neural canal

A

when multiple vertabral foramen stack on top of each other

32
Q

body of vertebrae (3)

A
  • key support structure
  • each bears the load of the bodies above it
  • anterior rounded area
33
Q

neural arch of the vertebrea

A

posterior arch that encloses the spinal cord

34
Q

articular components of the vertebrae

A

contains surfaces where adjacent vertebrae attach

35
Q

spinous process is (posterior/ anterior) and transverse process is (medial/ lateral); both are important for ____

A

spinous process is posterior and transverse process is lateral; both are important for ligaments and muscles that hold the spine steady and move it

36
Q

articular process

A

points of articulation between adjacent vertabrae

37
Q

lamina

A

forms roof of central canal through which the spinal cord is

38
Q

pedicle

A

small piece of bone that attaches to the neural arch of the body

39
Q

intervertebral foramen (2)

A
  • located between pedicles

- passage for nerves to enter/ exit spinal cord

40
Q

transverse foramina (3)

A
  • only in cervical
  • within the transverse process
  • allows passage of vertebral artery through the spinal column and into the skull - brain
41
Q

anulus fibrous

A

outer ring of tough fibrocartilage = dense connective tissue

42
Q

nucleous pulposus

A

softer, gelatinous inner region = cushions the disk

43
Q

which cervical vertebrae allow for movement of the head at the neck?

A

the first 2

44
Q

C1: the atlas (3)

A
  • no body
  • posterior tubercle = no spinous process
  • condylar facets = articulate with occipital condyles of skull [head flexion/ extension]
45
Q

C2: the axis (2)

A
  • superior articular facets = shaped for C1 to rotate around the axis
  • dens [odontoid process]
46
Q

dens [odontoid process] (2)

A
  • rest against the fovea of atlas

- bound by transverse ligaments and allows for head rotation

47
Q

lumbar region (4)

A
  • largest bodies; no costal facets
  • broad, square spinous process
  • sacrum
  • coccyx [tailbone]

Anatomy (10 decks)

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