Lecture 7: Pulmonary Pathology and Pharmacology Flashcards
Which of the following is a group of eight specific tests for electrolyte level, acid-base balance, blood sugar, and kidney status
a) Basic metabolic panel
b) Comprehensive metabolic panel
c) Hepatic function panel
d) Chemistry panel
a
Which of the following is very susceptible to potassium level changes
a) Kidney
b) Heart
c) Liver
d) Intestines
Heart (however, all 4 can be susceptible)
How is the respiratory system is subdivded into what 3 main portions
1) Upper airway
2) Lower airway
3) Terminal alveoli
Whats in the upper airway? (5)
Consistns of:
1) Nasal cavities (humidification)
2) Sinuses
3) Pharynx
4) Tonsils
5) Layrnix
Lower airway consistns of (3)
1) Trachea
2) Bronchi
3) Bronchioles
The ability to move air in and out of the lungs via a pressure gradient
Ventilation (the actual movement, not gas exchange)
The gas exchange supplies oxygen to the blood and body tissues and removes carbon dioxide
Respiration
Between the aveloi/capillaries what is going on, respiration or ventilation
Respiration
this is the gas exchange
What is last to develop in this image below?
The alveolar ducts
This is why in pre matures theres a problem, because w/o these ducts gas exchange cannot take palce
* This is what the steriod is for
Amount of air that is inhales and exhaled during normal resting breathing
Tidal Volume
Volume of air remaining in the lngs following a full or maximal expiration
Residual volume
Volume of air that can be forcefully expelled following a normal expiration
Expiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be forecfully breathed in following a normal inspiration
Inspiratory reserve volume
Amount of air that can be forcefully expelled in 1 second following full inspiration
* What is the normal
Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
75% of FVC should be exhaled within the first second
* If less than you’re proably having trouble getting air out = obstructive
Amount of air under volintional control
Forced vital capavity
this is the amount of air a person can breath out after taking a deep breath
* Note this is different than fev1 because its measuring all the air they can breath out, not just the air in the first 1 second.
vitial capcity
TV+IRV+ERV
Inspiratory capcity
TV+IRV
Total lung capcity
TV+IRV+ERV+RV
sum of residual volume and the forced vital capacity
Functional residual Capacity
ERV + RV
volume of air remaining in the lungs following a normal expiration
What is the most common condition caused by pulmonary disease or injury
Hypoxemia
Deficient oxygenation of arterial blood
hypoxemia
remember, venous blood is already deoxygenated so we don’t care that much about it
s/s vary depending on the level of oxygenation in the blood
Broad term meaning diminished availability of oxygen to the body tissues
Hypoxia
(different than hypoexmia because its much more broad)
What is partial pressure
Refers to the pressure that a single gas in a mixture of gases contributes to the total pressure in.
In a mixture, each gas behaves indepdently, exerting pressure as if it were the only gas present
EX: in the atmosphere, air is a mixture of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dixoside, and other. Each of these gases has its own partial pressure, and the sum of all the partial pressures equals the total atmospheric pressure
What is PaO2
The partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood
* the amount of oxygen in the artial blood
* Measures O2 as a gas exerting itself on blood vessels
It measures the pressure exerted by dissolved oxygen gas molecules in the plasma of the artial blood (GPT)