Lecture 2: General Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards
The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, and eliminates the drug (what the body does to the drug)
Pharmacokinetics
The analysis of what the drug does to the body, including the mechanism by which the drug exerts its effect
Pharmacodynamics
What is toxicology
Stufy of the harmful effects of chemicals
Deals with the genetic basis for drug responses, especially variations in drug response from person to person
Pharmacogenetics
Releated to the dose that produces a given response in a specific amplitude
Potency
Is potency a maximal efficacy?
No, its the desired potency
A drug with a low dosage has more or less potency?
More - you need less of it achieve desired outcome
Drug A = 10 mg
Drug B = 100 mg
Drug A is more potent
TEST Do safer drugs have a higher or lower theraputic index?
Higher
Higher therapetic index = larger dose to reach toxic value (you need lots of the drug for it to become toxic)
Therapeutic index equation
Leathal dose / effective dose
the higher the # the safer it is
higher means it takes a larger dose to reach that toxic level
KNOW: Routes of drug administration affects how much gets to the target tissue (amount of bioaviability)
The extent to which the drug reaches the systemic circulation is
Bioavailability
We often use systemic circulation to asses if there is enough drug availble in the system to reach the optimal dose
affected by route of administration
Distribution of the drug to the body depends on: (4)
1) Tissue permability
2) Blood flow to that area
3) Binding to plasma proteins
4) Binding to subcellular components
Long term storage sites for drugs (4)
1) Adipose
2) Bones
3) Muscules
4) Organs
What organ detoxes?
Liver
What biotransformation and what organ does it?
Chemically altering the original compound so that it is no longer active
* aka drug metabolism
Liver does this
To a lesser extent: Lungs, kidneys, GI epithelium, and skin