Lecture 2: General Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, and eliminates the drug (what the body does to the drug)

A

Pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

The analysis of what the drug does to the body, including the mechanism by which the drug exerts its effect

A

Pharmacodynamics

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3
Q

What is toxicology

A

Stufy of the harmful effects of chemicals

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4
Q

Deals with the genetic basis for drug responses, especially variations in drug response from person to person

A

Pharmacogenetics

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5
Q

Releated to the dose that produces a given response in a specific amplitude

A

Potency

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6
Q

Is potency a maximal efficacy?

A

No, its the desired potency

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7
Q

A drug with a low dosage has more or less potency?

A

More - you need less of it achieve desired outcome

Drug A = 10 mg
Drug B = 100 mg

Drug A is more potent

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8
Q

TEST Do safer drugs have a higher or lower theraputic index?

A

Higher

Higher therapetic index = larger dose to reach toxic value (you need lots of the drug for it to become toxic)

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9
Q

Therapeutic index equation

A

Leathal dose / effective dose

the higher the # the safer it is

higher means it takes a larger dose to reach that toxic level

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10
Q

KNOW: Routes of drug administration affects how much gets to the target tissue (amount of bioaviability)

A
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11
Q

The extent to which the drug reaches the systemic circulation is

A

Bioavailability

We often use systemic circulation to asses if there is enough drug availble in the system to reach the optimal dose

affected by route of administration

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12
Q

Distribution of the drug to the body depends on: (4)

A

1) Tissue permability
2) Blood flow to that area
3) Binding to plasma proteins
4) Binding to subcellular components

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13
Q

Long term storage sites for drugs (4)

A

1) Adipose
2) Bones
3) Muscules
4) Organs

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14
Q

What organ detoxes?

A

Liver

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15
Q

What biotransformation and what organ does it?

A

Chemically altering the original compound so that it is no longer active
* aka drug metabolism

Liver does this

To a lesser extent: Lungs, kidneys, GI epithelium, and skin

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16
Q

What organ is the primary site for drug excretion?

A

Kidneys

17
Q

Systemic or single organ’s ability to eliminate the drug

A

Clearance

NOTE: Older people have a lower clearance, meaning some drugs have the ability to stay there longer
* This is important for drugs that need to stay there to be maintained at a certain level

18
Q

what is half life?

A

Amount of time required for 50% of the drug remianing in the body to be eliminated
* important because it could piggy back

19
Q

Variations in drug response:
* Genetics
* Disease
* Drug interactions
* Age
* Diet
* gender
* Social determinants of health (are you not taking your medication because you’re trying to save money)

A
20
Q

KNOW: grapefruit have a moleculat that stops CYP

CYP breaks down drugs

Take grapefruit juice is stop the breakdown of drugs = increase drug in system
* mostly heart medications

This also lowers BP

A
21
Q

The amount of attraction between drug and receptors =
* releated to the drug amount that is required to bind to the unoccupied receptors

A

Drug affinity

22
Q

If it affects only one type of cell of tissue and produces a specific physiological affect is is

A

drug selectivity

23
Q

KNOW: Non selective drugs can bind all over the place while selective drugs have very limited binding places

A
24
Q

What is an agonist

A

A drug that can bind to a receptor and initiate a change in a cells function
* Key that goes in and activates what its supposed to activate

25
Q

What is an antagonist

A

Occupy the receptor and prevent the agonistic compound from having any affect on the cell
* blockers