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Cardio > Lecture #7 - Kreisle > Flashcards

Lecture #7 - Kreisle Flashcards

1
Q

Five factors involved in capillary exchange.

A

Hydrostatic Pressure (BV and IS)
Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BV and IS)
Lymph Flow

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2
Q

Two ways of calculating capillary exchange

A

Vessel-Interstitium

Going Out - Coming In

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3
Q

Write out the version of the capillary exchange equation you hate.

A

Pressure = (Cap Hydro - Int. Hydro) - (Plasma Colloid - Interstitial Colloid)

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4
Q 
Relatioship of Flow to...
Pressure Gradient
Diameter
Compliance
Viscosity
A

More Pressure - More Flow
More Diameter - More Flow (r^4)
More Compliance = Less Resistance - More Flow
More Viscosity - Less Flow

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5
Q

Equation for Vascular Resistance

A

(Art. Press. - Ven. Press.)/Flow

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6
Q

Relationship of viscosity to hematocrit

A

Correlated

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7
Q

Which receptors are activiated to generate resistance in arterioles?

A

alpha-1 and beta-2

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8
Q

Effect of atherosclerosis on compliance

A

Lowers It

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9
Q

Equation for Velocity of Blood

A

Flow/Area

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10
Q

basic Flow Equation

A

Q = Change in P / R

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11
Q

How does a tube becoming rigid influence flow and pressure?

A

Less Flow

More Pressure

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12
Q

Compliance Eq.

A

Vol/Pressure

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13
Q

Vessels with greatest cross sectional area?

A

Capillaries

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14
Q

Largest percentage of blood volume is where?

A

Veins

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15
Q

Largest blood velocity?

A

Aorta

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16
Q

Relationship of PP and Art. Compliance

A

More Arterial compliance decreases pulse pressure

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17
Q

When do you hear semilunar stenosis?

A

Systolic Ejection

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18
Q

Effects of TPR on Venous Resistance Curve

A

Decreased TPR – steeper

Increased TPR – Less steep

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19
Q

Main regulator of MAP?

A

Sympathetics

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20
Q

What is the Bayliss Hypothesis?

A

When smooth muscle is stretched, it will automatically contract, increasing resistance

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21
Q

Increased flow will do what to metabolites?

A

Flush them out of the tissue, allowing vasoconstriction

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22
Q

Who always gets blood first and 2nd?

A

Brain and heart

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23
Q

Who loses the most blood during exercise?

A

Splanchnics

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24
Q

How is renal bloodflow autoregulated?

A

Fast Myogenic Response

Tubuloglomerular Feedback

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25
Q

Who are the central sensors of Blood Flow?

A

Aortic Arch Baros.
Carotid Body
Natiuretic pep. product. in Atria

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26
Q

Peripheral sensor of bloodflow?

A

Juxtoglomerular

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27
Q

What do aortic arch baros do?

A

loss in pressure –> increased sympathetics

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28
Q

What is the bainbridge reflex?

A

High Central venous Pressure causes….

Inc. Heart Rate
Renal Vasodilation

29
Q

What turns on Carotid Body and Aortic Chemoreceptors?

A

Low Pressure

Low O, High CO2, High H+

30
Q

What does Carotid Body do when turned on?

A

Activate Sympathetics

Regulates Respiration

31
Q

What causes vasovagal syncope?

A

Massive parasympathetic outflow and loss of sympathetic tone

32
Q

Where are PS and Sym neurons of the medulla modulated?

A

Solitary Nuclues

33
Q

What does Sympathetic Stim do?

A

Inc. HR
Contractility/Capacitance
BV
Controls blood flow

34
Q

Baroreceptors of the Carotid Sinus sense…

A

High Pressure

35
Q

What happens after sympathetics activate chromaffin cells?

A

Epinephrine/Nore. release
alpha 1 – vasoconstriction
beta 1 – heart

36
Q

Three catecholeamine vasoconstrictors?

A

Norepinephrine (beta1 in heart, alpha1 in vessels)
Epinephrine (very low can turn on beta2 for dilation)
Dopamine (dilator low, constrictor high) (alpha1)

37
Q

Greatest beta-1 activatior

A

Dobutamine

38
Q

Physiological causes of fainting with vasovagal syncope.

A

Bradycardia + loss of sympathetic tone

39
Q

Describe the process after BP drops

A

Carotid Sinus Senses the drop
CV centers of medulla activate
Suprarenal (RAA stim) and symp gang. activation
Inc. HR+Contractility and Vasoconstriction

40
Q

Does baroreceptor reflex help with hypertension?

A

No – receptor adapts to new set point

41
Q

What happens in your body when you stand up?

A

Venous pressure falls - Blood pools at feet
Decreased CO, Decreased MAP
Sympathetic Activation/Compensation

42
Q

What is Shy-Drager syndrome?

A

Progressive disorder of CNS – Autonomic System Failure

First sign – orthostatic hypertension

43
Q

Who senses when pressures are too high?

A

Right Atria

44
Q

What does ANP do?

A

Vasodilator and Causes Na excretion

45
Q

Two Effects of ADH

A

V1 – Vasoconstriction

V2 – H2O Reabs

46
Q

Effects of Renin/Angiotensin?

A

Antidiuretic (via promoting Na reabs)

Vasoconstriction

47
Q

Aldosterone causes….

A

Na retention, K loss

48
Q

ADH also stimulates what non-kidney activity?

A

Thirst

49
Q

Why use an ACE inhibitor?

A

Prevents the generation of Angiotensin II

Stops body from raising its own BP

50
Q

Explain myogenic control of Blood Flow.

A

If smooth muscle is stretched, it responds by contracting

51
Q

Explain metabolic control of BF.

A

Vasodilator metabolites open precapillary sphincters and vasodilate arterioles

52
Q

Most important blood flow regulator for cerebrum?

A

Local Metabolites

53
Q

What is Hyperemia?

A

Active increase in bloodbloow

54
Q

Name the vasodilator inflammatory mediators and their origin.

A

Prostacyclin – EC
NO – EC
Histamine – Mast Cells
Bradykinin – Serum

55
Q

Name the vasoconstrictor inflammatory mediators and their origin.

A

Thromboxanes – Platelets

Endothelin – EC

56
Q

What are three roles of NO?

A

Vasodilation
Platelet Inhibition
PMN Adhesion Inhibitor

57
Q

What inflammatory mediators from from arachadonic acids?

A

Prostacyclin (VasoDil) and Thromboxanes (VasoCon)

58
Q

Difference between active and reactive hyperemia?

A

Active – Bloodflow is controlled by metabolic Activity

Reactive – Reacts to period of decreased bloodflow

59
Q

Cause of reactive hyperemia?

A

Accumulation of vasodilators
Reduced Oxygen Tension
Nutrient Depletion

60
Q

Unique response of lung vessels to hypoxia?

A

Vasoconstriction

61
Q

Effects of Thromboxane A2? Ways to inhibit?

A

Platelet Aggregation and Vasoconstriction

Asprin

62
Q

Most potent, long lasting vasoconstrictors?

A

Endothelins

63
Q

ECE is used to make

A

ET-1 (Endothelin)

64
Q

What receptors are bound when epinephrine vasodilates?

A

Beta-2 adrenergic

65
Q

Why is it hard to classify serotonin in this way?

A

It does different things at different concentrations

66
Q

Potential treatment for pulmonary hypertension?

A

Inhaled NO

Prostacyclin

67
Q

Three most important vasoactive substances from the vascular endothelium?

A

Prostacyclin
NO
Endothelin

68
Q

What factor is induced by low O levels?

A

VEGF

Cardio (10 decks)

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