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Introduction to CAOS I > Lecture 7: Kinship, Descent and Marriage > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Kinship, Descent and Marriage Flashcards

1
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

marked differences in male and female biology besides the primary and secondary sexual features.

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2
Q

gender

A

encompasses traits that a culture assigns to and inculcates in males and females – the cultural construction of whether one is female, male, non-binary or something else

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3
Q

three societies on the same island - differences in male / female personalities

A
  1. arapesh women
  2. mundugumor men and women
  3. tchambuli men
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4
Q

arapesh women

A

mild, parental, responsive

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5
Q

mundugumor men and women

A

fierce and agressive

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6
Q

tchambuli men

A

catty

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7
Q

feminism: first wave

A

focus on suffrage

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8
Q

feminism: second wave

A

focus on contraceptives and equal pay

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9
Q

feminism: third wave

A

focus on liberation and the body

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10
Q

how many waves of feminism

A

3

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11
Q

contributions of men and women

A

roughly equal cross-culturally

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12
Q

domestic activities

A

female labour dominates

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13
Q

extra domestic activities

A

male labor dominates

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14
Q

primary caregivers

A

women

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15
Q

gender stratification

A

the social ranking (men typically higher status than women)

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16
Q

distribution gender stratification

A

Gender stratification relatively low when men and women made roughly equal contributions to subsistence.

Gender stratification is less developed among foragers or hunters and gatherers

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17
Q

hunters and warriors - why men exclusive service?

A

Greater size, strength and mobility of men

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18
Q

hunters and warriors - why women kept from being primary hunters

A

Pregnancy and lactation

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19
Q

domestic-public dichotomy

A

strong differentiation between home and the outside world is called the domestic-public dichotomy, or the private-public contrast.

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20
Q

domestic-public dichotomy and gender stratification

A

Domestic-public dichotomy influences gender stratification in industrial societies.

Gender roles changing rapidly in western societies.

The ‘traditional’ idea that a ‘woman’s place is in the home’ developed among middle- and upper-class citizens as industrialism spread after 1900.

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21
Q

economic change and attitudes toward women

A

Gendered work, attitudes, and beliefs have varied in response to economic needs. Changes in economy led to changes in attitudes toward and about women.

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22
Q

nuclear family

A

mother, father and biological children

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23
Q

family of orientation

A

family in which one is born and grows up

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24
Q

family of procreation

A

formed when one marries and has children

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25
Q

is the nuclear family universal?

A

The nuclear family is widespread, but not universal: in many societies, extended families are the primary unit of social organization.

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26
Q

neo locality

A

married couples may live hundreds of miles away from parents

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27
Q

extended family household

A

expanded family household that includes three or more generations.

28
Q

family of procreation pattern

A

Family of procreation living neo locally most prevalent residence pattern in industrialized societies.

29
Q

descent group

A

a permanent social unit whose members say they have ancestors in common

30
Q

unlineal descent

A

decent rule uses one line only, either the male of the female

31
Q

matrilineal descent

A

individuals automatically join the mother’s descent group when they are born

32
Q

patrilineal descent

A

individuals automatically join the father’s descent group when they are born

33
Q

(am)bilineal descent

A

(one of) two lines of descent

34
Q

lineage

A

unilineal descent group based on demonstrated descent

35
Q

clan

A

descent group that claims common descent from an apical ancestor but cannot demonstrate it (stipulated descent).

36
Q

Patrilocality

A

married couple lives with husband’s family; associated with patrilineal descent and more common than matrilocality

37
Q

Matrilocality

A

married couple lives with wife’s family; associated with matrilineal descent and less common than patrilocality

38
Q

ambilineal descent

A

people choose the descent group to which they belong. Membership is achieved and fluid. People can change their descent-group membership or belong to two or more groups at the same time.

39
Q

kinship calculation

A

how people in a society describe their kin relationships.

40
Q

ego

A

the position from which one views an egocentric genealogy.

41
Q

genealogical kin types

A

relates to actual genealogical relationship (father’s brother) as opposed to kin term (uncle)

42
Q

bilateral kinship calculation

A

people tend to perceive kin links through males and females as being similar or equal

43
Q

Lineal kinship terminology

A

four parental kin terms

44
Q

lineal relative

A

ego’s direct descendant

45
Q

Collateral relatives

A

relative outside ego’s direct line

46
Q

Affinals

A

relatives by marriage

47
Q

Kinship classification systems

A

Native taxonomies have been developed over generations by the people who live in a particular society. There are four ways of classifying kin on the parental generation:

48
Q

bifurcate merging

A

splits mother’s side from father’s side, but also merges same-sex siblings of each parent

49
Q

Generational

A

uses the same term for parents and their siblings, but lumping is more complete. Does not distinguish between mother’s and father’s side

50
Q

Bifurcate collateral

A

separate terms are used for each of six kin types of the parental generation; not as common

51
Q

bifurcate collateral mostly used in …

A

north africa and the middle east

52
Q

genitor

A

biological father of a child

53
Q

pater

A

socially recognized father of a child

54
Q

exogamy

A

practice of seeking a spouse outside one’s own group

55
Q

incest

A

forbidden sexual relations with a close relative. What constitutes incest varies widely from culture to culture.

56
Q

parallel cousins

A

children of two brothers or two sisters

57
Q

cross-cousin

A

children of a brother and a sister

58
Q

endogamy

A

marriage of people from the same group. Classes and ethnic groups are frequently quasi-endogamous groups.

59
Q

homogamy

A

to marry someone similar.

60
Q

manifest function

A

reason given for a custom by the people themselves

61
Q

latent function

A

effects custom has that are not explicitly recognized by the people themselves, like reproduction of political hierarchy and economic function

62
Q

mater

A

mater = socially recognized mother of a child

63
Q

dowry

A

marital exchange in which wife’s group provides substantial gifts to husband’s family

64
Q

bride wealth / bride prize

A

substantial marital gift from husband and his kin to the wife and her kin

65
Q

gifts at marriage

A
  • bride wealth or bride prize
  • dowry
66
Q

Sororate

A

husband may marry the wife’s sister if
the wife dies

67
Q

Levirate

A

right to marry husband’s brother if
husband dies

Introduction to CAOS I (17 decks)

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