Lecture 7-Human Evolution Flashcards
when did modern humans leave Africa
70,000 years
what led to human distribution
humans walked 1km per year
where is richest genetic variation found
in anscetral areas
heterozygosity decreases with..
distance from east africa
Homo neanderthalensis
400,000 – 30,000 years ago, overlapped with humans for up to 5,000 years
Cousins, not ancestors
Split >800,000 yr ago
characteristics of Neanderthals
males appeared to stay in groups
females may have moved between groups
eDNA reveals father-daughter DNA alongside prey items
adaptations of Neanderthals
used front teeth as a third hand in preparation of animal hides
-dived for shells and made string. jewellery and cave art
why did Neanderthals disappear?
-unknown
-only small population: only 4000 in whole of Europe
what percentage of non-African DNS is neanderthal
-non Africans interbred with Neanderthals
-3%
how many amino acid differences between humans and Neanderthals
96
A European alive 40,000 years ago had as much Neanderthal DNA as you’d expect from a….
great-great grandparent
Denosiovians
roughly 40,000 year old due to discovery of strange looking tooth and small finger bone
which populations have Denisovan genes
modern populations in Asia
Tibetans got their EPAS1 allele from the Denisovans!
how did Denisovans disperse
using boats
How did Neanderthals and Denisovans smell?
Differences in perception of androstenone (smell found in some animal secretions) are due to altered neuron activity caused by two single base changes in your DNA – Neanderthals and Denisovans would have hated it
Denisovans more sensitive to smells associated with honey, Neanderthals more sensitive to sulphurous smells
