Lecture 7: Epithelial Glands Flashcards
glandular tissue is composed of?
epithelial cells specialized with secretory functions
in reference to cells glands be 2 types
unicellular gland
multicellular gland
secretory cells remain incorporated with epithelial layer
unicellular glands
secretory cells have grown down into underlying CT
multicellular glands
endocrine gland characteristics
down growth into CT
product = hormones
secret directly into blood vessels
lacks secretory duct
exocrine gland characteristics
down growth into CT but remains in contact w/ parent
secrets product via secretory duct
secreted to an external environment or body cavity
examples of endocrine glands (8)
pituitary thyroid pineal parathyroid adrenal gonads liver pancreas
examples of exocrine glands (6)
salivary mammary sweat sebaceous or sudoriferous liver pancreas
names the 4 types of secretory patterns
exocrine
endocrine
paracrine
autocrine
exocrine pattern
product secreted via duct to lumen or surface
endocrine pattern
hormone secreted directly into blood vessels w/o duct
paracrine pattern
secretion affects neighbor cells
example of paracrine secretion product
growth factors
autocrine pattern
secretion affects the cell itself
example of cells that use autocrine pattern
T cells
gland classes by ductal branching
simple multicellular glands – no branching
compound multicellular glands — branching
gland classes by shape of secretory portion
tubular
alveolar/acinar
Tubuloalveolar/tubuloacinar
tubular shapes
straight
coiled
branched
another name for alveolar
acinar
what does it mean to be simple or compound?
single vs. several secretory portions
salivary glands exhibit what shape of secretory portion
tubuloalveolar
simple gland
single excretory duct
simple multicellular glands do not exhibit ductal branching
simple gland secretory portion types (4)
simple tubular
simple coiled tubular
simple tubular branched
simple acinar
compound gland secretory portion types (3)
branched tubular
branched alveolar
branched tubuloalveolar
3 types of secretory products
serous
mucous
mixed = serous-mucous
serous secretions
thin/watery
enzyme filled
ex. parotid salivary gland
mucous secretions
thick
mucin containing
mixed secretions
combination of serous and mucous
ex. submandibular and sublingual glands
acinar glands are usually …..?
mucous
serous demilune
acinar glands are capped with a half moon group of serous cells
3 different mechanisms of secretion
merocrine
apocrine
holocrine
another name for merocrine
eccrine
define merocrine
serous secretions stored in vesicles released via exocytosis
most glands use this mechanism
no damage from secretion
define apocrine
product is too thick so apical domain of cell breaks off during secretion
cytoplasm is ejected with product
cell retreats and repairs before secreting again
examples of glands that use apocrine
axillary sweat glands
define holocrine
entire contents of cell is ejected with secretion
cell is destroyed
examples of glands that use holocrine
sebaceous glands
highly cellular
parenchyma
highly CT
stroma
parenchyma
components of glands are derived from epithelium
CT capsule surrounds entire gland and septae
CT partitions within a gland
septae
stroma
the CT capsule surrounding a gland
the CT partitions within a gland
extensions of a gland’s CT capsule that separate it into epithelial components, called?
septae
partition gland into lobes and lobules
hierarchical structure of compound glands
compound gland = multicellular gland
lobes
lobules
simple branched gland
lobes are divided into
lobules
a compound gland is a multicellular gland divided into subunits called….
lobes
lobes and lobules are separated by partitions called
septae
each lobule is equal to
a simple branched gland
secretory units of a lobule can be
tubular
acinar
Tubuloacinar
lobes
bigger subdivisions of a compound gland
contain 2 types of ducts
ducts found in lobes
intralobar ducts
lobar duct
formed by joining of 2 or more interlobular ducts
intralobar duct
intralobar ducts are lined with….
simple columnar transitioning into stratified
formed by joining of 2 or more intralobar ducts
lobar duct
lobar ducts are lined with……
stratified columnar
lobules
subdivisions of lobes separated from each other by delicate septae
secretory unit of a lobule? types?
acinus
can be serous, mucous or mixed
relate acinus and the basement membrane
basement membrane covers outer surface of acinus
what type of cells are associated with acinus?
myoepithelial cells
found between BM and secretory cells of acinus
myoepithelial cells
contractile cells that help squeeze contents out of secretory cells
contain actin bundles
duct that lie within a lobule
intra-lobular ducts
intra-lobular ducts can be 2 types
intercalated
or
striated
striated duct
type of intralobular duct active transport of Na and K absorb Na and Cl secrete K larger than intercalated ducts
striated ducts are lined with …..
simple cuboidal transitioning into columnar with basal striations
intercalated ducts
type of intralobular duct
drain the secretory acinus
bicarbonate/chloride exchange
intercalated ducts are lined with…..
simple squamous transitioning to low cuboidal
formed by the joining of 2 or more……
striated ducts (a type of intralobular duct)
inter-lobular ducts
found in septae between adjacent lobules
inter-lobular ducts are lined with……
pseudostratified columnar
3 major salivary glands
parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
minor salivary glands are responsible for….
help keep the surface of oral cavity moist
gland located behind ear
parotid gland
gland located under mandible
submandibular gland
gland located under tongue
sublingual gland
parotid glands
serous acini only
apical regions of cells contain zymogen granules
submandibular glands
mixed acini (serous dominant)
serous secretory cells form serous demilunes around mucous acini
myoepithelial cells surround acini
sublingual glands
mixed acini
mucous acini is dominant
myoepithelial cells surround acini
what other type of cells can be seen in some slides of parotid glands
adipocytes
in terms of acini: how do you ID each of the 3 major glands
parotid - only serous
submandibular - mixed, serous dominant
sublingual - mixed, mucous dominant
in slides shown, serous and mucous acini appear….
serous appear dark
mucous appear white
in the slides shown, what 2 duct types were present
interlobular ducts
intralobular ducts
how did you tell between the 2 types of ducts shown in the slides?
interlobular - located with CT and BVs, larger then nearby acini
intralobular - no CT
