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Histology Exam 1 > Lecture 7: Epithelial Glands > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Epithelial Glands Flashcards

1
Q

glandular tissue is composed of?

A

epithelial cells specialized with secretory functions

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2
Q

in reference to cells glands be 2 types

A

unicellular gland

multicellular gland

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3
Q

secretory cells remain incorporated with epithelial layer

A

unicellular glands

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4
Q

secretory cells have grown down into underlying CT

A

multicellular glands

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5
Q

endocrine gland characteristics

A

down growth into CT
product = hormones
secret directly into blood vessels
lacks secretory duct

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6
Q

exocrine gland characteristics

A

down growth into CT but remains in contact w/ parent
secrets product via secretory duct
secreted to an external environment or body cavity

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7
Q

examples of endocrine glands (8)

A 
pituitary
thyroid
pineal
parathyroid
adrenal
gonads
liver
pancreas
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8
Q

examples of exocrine glands (6)

A 
salivary
mammary
sweat
sebaceous or sudoriferous 
liver
pancreas
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9
Q

names the 4 types of secretory patterns

A

exocrine
endocrine
paracrine
autocrine

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10
Q

exocrine pattern

A

product secreted via duct to lumen or surface

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11
Q

endocrine pattern

A

hormone secreted directly into blood vessels w/o duct

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12
Q

paracrine pattern

A

secretion affects neighbor cells

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13
Q

example of paracrine secretion product

A

growth factors

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14
Q

autocrine pattern

A

secretion affects the cell itself

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15
Q

example of cells that use autocrine pattern

A

T cells

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16
Q

gland classes by ductal branching

A

simple multicellular glands – no branching

compound multicellular glands — branching

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17
Q

gland classes by shape of secretory portion

A

tubular
alveolar/acinar
Tubuloalveolar/tubuloacinar

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18
Q

tubular shapes

A

straight
coiled
branched

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19
Q

another name for alveolar

A

acinar

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20
Q

what does it mean to be simple or compound?

A

single vs. several secretory portions

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21
Q

salivary glands exhibit what shape of secretory portion

A

tubuloalveolar

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22
Q

simple gland

A

single excretory duct

simple multicellular glands do not exhibit ductal branching

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23
Q

simple gland secretory portion types (4)

A

simple tubular
simple coiled tubular
simple tubular branched
simple acinar

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24
Q

compound gland secretory portion types (3)

A

branched tubular
branched alveolar
branched tubuloalveolar

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25
Q

3 types of secretory products

A

serous
mucous
mixed = serous-mucous

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26
Q

serous secretions

A

thin/watery
enzyme filled
ex. parotid salivary gland

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27
Q

mucous secretions

A

thick

mucin containing

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28
Q

mixed secretions

A

combination of serous and mucous

ex. submandibular and sublingual glands

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29
Q

acinar glands are usually …..?

A

mucous

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30
Q

serous demilune

A

acinar glands are capped with a half moon group of serous cells

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31
Q

3 different mechanisms of secretion

A

merocrine
apocrine
holocrine

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32
Q

another name for merocrine

A

eccrine

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33
Q

define merocrine

A

serous secretions stored in vesicles released via exocytosis
most glands use this mechanism
no damage from secretion

34
Q

define apocrine

A

product is too thick so apical domain of cell breaks off during secretion
cytoplasm is ejected with product
cell retreats and repairs before secreting again

35
Q

examples of glands that use apocrine

A

axillary sweat glands

36
Q

define holocrine

A

entire contents of cell is ejected with secretion

cell is destroyed

37
Q

examples of glands that use holocrine

A

sebaceous glands

38
Q

highly cellular

A

parenchyma

39
Q

highly CT

A

stroma

40
Q

parenchyma

A

components of glands are derived from epithelium

CT capsule surrounds entire gland and septae

41
Q

CT partitions within a gland

A

septae

42
Q

stroma

A

the CT capsule surrounding a gland

the CT partitions within a gland

43
Q

extensions of a gland’s CT capsule that separate it into epithelial components, called?

A

septae

partition gland into lobes and lobules

44
Q

hierarchical structure of compound glands

A

compound gland = multicellular gland
lobes
lobules
simple branched gland

45
Q

lobes are divided into

A

lobules

46
Q

a compound gland is a multicellular gland divided into subunits called….

A

lobes

47
Q

lobes and lobules are separated by partitions called

A

septae

48
Q

each lobule is equal to

A

a simple branched gland

49
Q

secretory units of a lobule can be

A

tubular
acinar
Tubuloacinar

50
Q

lobes

A

bigger subdivisions of a compound gland

contain 2 types of ducts

51
Q

ducts found in lobes

A

intralobar ducts

lobar duct

52
Q

formed by joining of 2 or more interlobular ducts

A

intralobar duct

53
Q

intralobar ducts are lined with….

A

simple columnar transitioning into stratified

54
Q

formed by joining of 2 or more intralobar ducts

A

lobar duct

55
Q

lobar ducts are lined with……

A

stratified columnar

56
Q

lobules

A

subdivisions of lobes separated from each other by delicate septae

57
Q

secretory unit of a lobule? types?

A

acinus

can be serous, mucous or mixed

58
Q

relate acinus and the basement membrane

A

basement membrane covers outer surface of acinus

59
Q

what type of cells are associated with acinus?

A

myoepithelial cells

found between BM and secretory cells of acinus

60
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

contractile cells that help squeeze contents out of secretory cells

contain actin bundles

61
Q

duct that lie within a lobule

A

intra-lobular ducts

62
Q

intra-lobular ducts can be 2 types

A

intercalated
or
striated

63
Q

striated duct

A 
type of intralobular duct
active transport of Na and K
absorb Na and Cl
secrete K
larger than intercalated ducts
64
Q

striated ducts are lined with …..

A

simple cuboidal transitioning into columnar with basal striations

65
Q

intercalated ducts

A

type of intralobular duct
drain the secretory acinus
bicarbonate/chloride exchange

66
Q

intercalated ducts are lined with…..

A

simple squamous transitioning to low cuboidal

67
Q

formed by the joining of 2 or more……

A 
striated ducts
(a type of intralobular duct)
68
Q

inter-lobular ducts

A

found in septae between adjacent lobules

69
Q

inter-lobular ducts are lined with……

A

pseudostratified columnar

70
Q

3 major salivary glands

A

parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

71
Q

minor salivary glands are responsible for….

A

help keep the surface of oral cavity moist

72
Q

gland located behind ear

A

parotid gland

73
Q

gland located under mandible

A

submandibular gland

74
Q

gland located under tongue

A

sublingual gland

75
Q

parotid glands

A

serous acini only

apical regions of cells contain zymogen granules

76
Q

submandibular glands

A

mixed acini (serous dominant)
serous secretory cells form serous demilunes around mucous acini
myoepithelial cells surround acini

77
Q

sublingual glands

A

mixed acini
mucous acini is dominant
myoepithelial cells surround acini

78
Q

what other type of cells can be seen in some slides of parotid glands

A

adipocytes

79
Q

in terms of acini: how do you ID each of the 3 major glands

A

parotid - only serous

submandibular - mixed, serous dominant

sublingual - mixed, mucous dominant

80
Q

in slides shown, serous and mucous acini appear….

A

serous appear dark

mucous appear white

81
Q

in the slides shown, what 2 duct types were present

A

interlobular ducts

intralobular ducts

82
Q

how did you tell between the 2 types of ducts shown in the slides?

A

interlobular - located with CT and BVs, larger then nearby acini

intralobular - no CT

Histology Exam 1 (8 decks)

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