Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Exam 1 > Lecture 5: Cell Adhesion Molecules > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Cell Adhesion Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two components of the Basement Membrane

A

basal lamina

reticular lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the basement membrane separate?

A

an epithelial layer from it’s CT support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the average thickness of the basement membrane?

A

50-80 nm thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which component of the basement membrane is produced by the epithelium?

A

basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which component of the basement membrane is produced by the connective tissue?

A

reticular lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name the five components of the basal lamina

A 
laminin
fibronectin
type IV collagen
entactin
proteoglycans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name two ways type IV collagen differs from type I

A

does not form fibrils

is produced by epithelial cells, type I is produced by fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which of the five components of the basal lamina is the major component?

A

laminin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Laminin consists of how many chains? and what are their names?

A

3 chains

alpha, beta, gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Laminin has binding sites for 4 molecules, name the four molecules that bind….

A

integrins, type IV collagen, entactin, proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a protein made up of two polypeptide chains that are cross-linked by disulfide bonds.….?

A

Fibronectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibronectin comes in 2 forms, name them

A

Cellular form and plasma form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The cellular form of _____ protein, is produced by fibroblasts…..

A

fibronectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the plasma form of fibronectin is secreted into the bloodstream by what cells?

A

hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heparin is what type of molecule?

A

proteoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fibronectin has binding sites for 4 molecules, name them…..

A

integrins, collagen, fibrin, proteoglycans(heparin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: Fibronectin and Laminin both have binding sites for 5 different molecules

A

False: they both bind 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does CAM stand for?

A

cell adhesion molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CAMs are divided into 2 groups, depending upon their need for ______ in their interactions with other molecules.

A

Calcium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the 2 groups of CAMs

A

calcium dependent

calcium independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cadherins & Selectins belong to which group of CAMs?

A

calcium dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Integrins & Immunoglobulin superfamily molecules, belong to which groups of CAMs?

A

calcium independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which CAM binds to cadherins?

A

cadherins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which CAM binds to carbohydrates?

A

selectins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This CAM binds to molecules in the extracellular matrix….

A

Integrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This CAM binds to Integrins…..

A

immunoglobulin superfamily molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the four CAMs we discussed in class

A

cadherins
selectins
integrins
Ig Superfamily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which CAMs form stable types of junctions?

A

Cadherins & Integrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

_____ is a major component in calcium-mediated adheren junctions. And what is the purpose of these junctions?

A

Classical cadherins

junctions between epithelial cells-locking them together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the 3 types of classical cadherins? and where are they found?

A

E-cadherin —- epithelial tissue
N-cadherin —- nerve cells
P-cadherin —- placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Desmocollins & Desmogleins, fall into what category?

A

Non-classical cadherins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Non-classical cadherins are found where?

A

Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

name the most common type of cadherin

A

E-cadherins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

True or False: E-cadherins form tetramers via a RGD binding face

A

False:

form dimers via HVA binding face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

T/F E-cadherins are found at the base of extracellular end of cadherin molecule

A

False: found at the tip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

in E-cadherins, calcium binds to _____ ____ domains, and facilitate ___-homophilic dimers

A

4 extracellular domains

cis-homophilic

37
Q

Loss of E-cadherins is associated with invasive behavior of ____ cells

A

tumor cells

38
Q

what does HVA binding face stand for?

A

histidine-valine-alanine

39
Q

____ are small proteins that link cytoplasmic end of a cadherin with cytoplasmic actin

A

catenins

40
Q

T/F: Actin filaments act as skeletal structure in the extracellular matrix

A

false: intracellular matrix

41
Q

How many forms are there of catenins? Name them

A

3 forms
beta & gamma are plakoglobin catenins
alpha catenin

42
Q

____ form(s) of catenin bind to cytoplasmic end of a cadherin

A

beta & gamma

43
Q

___ form(s) of catenin bind directly to cytoplasmic actin

A

alpha catenin

44
Q

what is the major function/purpose of catenins?

A

Catenins serve as major interface between the cadherins that hold adjacent cells together, and the actin cytoskeletons of those cells

45
Q

Selectins bind to carbohydrates, thus they belong to the ____ group

A

lectin group

46
Q

Selectin binding site for _____ is located at the CRD, at the extracellular end of the Selectin. What does CRD stand for?

A

carbohydrates

carbohydrate-recognition domain

47
Q

____ binding sites are also found near the CRD on selectins, and ____ is required for the binding of it

A

calcium

calcium

48
Q

Define ‘extravasation’ and give another name for it

A

Movement of a cell from blood stream to tissue

transendothelial migration

49
Q

____ are involved in the mvt of _______ from blood to tissues, this type of mvt is also called ________

A

Selectins, leukocytes, extravasation
or
transendothelial migration

50
Q

Hey Arnold! TV show relates to the gross structure of which CAM?

A

Selectins

51
Q

Name the 3 classes of Selectins and what they are associated with?

A

P-selectins —- platelets
E-selectins —- endothelial cells
L-selectins —- leukocytes

52
Q

____ are glycoproteins that are mainly involved in cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions

A

Integrins

53
Q

Integrins bind to both _____ matrix & _______

A

extracellular matrix & cytoskeleton

54
Q

1 alpha subunit and 1 beta subunit make up _____

A

Integrin

55
Q

Integrins bind to which two molecules in the extracellular matrix? What type of molecules are they?

A

Fibronectin & laminin

protein components of the basal lamina

56
Q

T/F: Integrins interact with HVA sequences in fibronectin and entactin

A

False:
RGD sequence- Arg-Gly-Asp
in fibronectin and laminin

57
Q

Laminin and Fibronectin interact with 3 molecules in the basement membrane…..name them

A

entactin, proteoglycans, collagen

58
Q

Tonofilaments refer to ______

A

intermediate filaments such as keratin

59
Q

In _______ integrins link the _____ domains of cells to the extracellular matrix via intracellular tonofilaments

A

hemidesmosomes

basal domains

60
Q

Members of which family possess an extracellular segment with one or more folded domains, which is characteristic of ______?

A

immunoglobulin superfamily

immunoglobulins

61
Q

_____ is a neutral adhesion molecule, and a member of what?

A

N-CAM
Ig Superfamily

mediate homophilic & heterophilic interactions

62
Q

Name the 3 members of the Ig superfamily

A

N-CAM
I-CAM-1
I-CAM-2

63
Q

Which member of the Ig superfamily facilitates transendothelial migration of leukocytes? And define this mvt…..

A

I-CAM-1

moving across endothelial barrier of blood vessel into the surrounding tissues

64
Q

what are the three categories of junctional complexes?

A

adherens
occludens
gap junctions

65
Q

this type of junction is associated with lateral domains, and is of the adheren variety. also associated with tonofilaments

A

desmosomes

66
Q

this type of junction is associated with basal domains and with intracellular tonofilaments.

A

hemidesmosomes

67
Q

tonofilament is another name for

A

intermediate filaments

68
Q

explain the difference between zona adheren and zona occluden

A

adherens help adhere neighboring cells while occludens stop paracellular transport

69
Q

zonulas imply what type of junction referring to their structure?

A

belt-like junction

surround the cell circumference

70
Q

molecular complexes that anchor cells together and reinforce tissue integrity, found on basolateral domains

A

adherens

71
Q

molecular complexes that create impermeable barriers to prevent paracellular transport, which helps to maintain concentration gradients

A

occludens

72
Q

molecular pores that enable cells to quickly trade ions or small molecules to assist in cell to cell communication

A

gap junctions

73
Q

differentiate between zonula and macula. are they associated with intracellular actin or tonofilaments?

A

zonula - complex travels all the way around the cell like a belt, intra cell actin. can be adheren or occluden

macula - spot or snap junctions, intra cell tonofilaments. are adheren only

74
Q

anchoring junctions, with intercellular spaces filled with cadherin proteins: desmogleins & desmocollins

A

adherens

75
Q

in adherens cadherin proteins are anchored to ______ plaques, which contain desmoplakin & _______

A

cytoplasmic plaques

plakoglobin

76
Q

are desmogleins or desmocollins associated with the skin disease: pemphigus foliaceus?

A

desmogleins

77
Q

zonula and macula adherens are mediated by interactions with _______

A

cadherins = desmocollins & desmogleins

78
Q

anchoring junctions that connect the basal domain of epithelium to the basal lamina

A

hemidesmosomes

79
Q

a hemidesmosome consists of: a ________ plate associated with ________ such as keratin. a _______ plaque linking the hemidesmosome to the basal lamina via filaments and ______.

A

cytoplasmic plate
tonofilaments
membrane plaque
integrins

80
Q

a hemi/desmosome are which type of junction?

A

macula adherens

81
Q

T/F: desmosomes link one cell to the basal lamina

A

false: hemidesmosomes link a cell to the basal lamina

desmos link cell to cell

82
Q

claudins and occludins are ______ proteins, responsible for the _______ properties of the tight junction

A

transmembrane proteins

occlusive properties

83
Q

these 2 proteins attach intracellularly to proteins ZO-2 and ZO-3

A

claudins

occludins

84
Q

zonula occluden proteins facilitate interaction with the intracellular ______ filaments?

A

actin filaments

85
Q

______ are spots that anchor the cell to the extracellular matrix via integrins and intracellularly to actin filaments.

A

focal adhesions

86
Q

connexons are associated with ____ junctions

A

gap junctions

87
Q

a gap junction allows cells to directly…..?

A

communicate with one another

88
Q

how many subunits does a connexon have?

A

6 subunits called connexin - form a hexagon with a hollow center

89
Q

a high concentration of what ion, causes gap junctions to close?

A

high calcium concentrations

Histology Exam 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions