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binghamton univeristy psych 111 > Lecture 7-end of exam 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 7-end of exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Transduction

A

Process where sensation becomes perception

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2
Q

Just noticeable difference

A

the change in a stimulus required for you to perceive a change

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3
Q

Weber’s law

A

just noticeable difference is constant proportional to the size of the stimulus

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4
Q

absolute threshold

A

the minimum to say a stimulus exists

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5
Q

signal detection theory

A

measure ability to respond to a stimulus

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6
Q

signal detection theory involves

A

intensity, pick it out of background, comfort in saying yes

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7
Q

bottom up processing

A

build perception using sensory information

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8
Q

top down processing

A

fit information with out beliefs

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9
Q

perceptual set

A

elements that trigger expectations, top down processing

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10
Q

contextual effect

A

context you’re in affects perception

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11
Q

constancy

A

when senses detect change, perception stays the same

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12
Q

light vs color

A

light: actual stimulus
color: perceived

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13
Q

cornea

A

external covering of the eye

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14
Q

pupil

A

hole that lets light through

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15
Q

iris

A

colored part around pupil, muscle that changes size of pupil

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16
Q

lens

A

clear segment of eye that light passes through

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17
Q

accommodation

A

eye changes shape of lens to better focus light information

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18
Q

retina

A

back of eye, receptor neurons for vision

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19
Q

fovea

A

area of max visual acuity

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20
Q

rods

A

photoreceptor for low light and shades of grey

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21
Q

cones

A

photoreceptor for vision and sharp detail

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22
Q

bipolar and ganglion cells

A

send visual information to the brain

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23
Q

visual pathway

A

photoreceptor > bipolar > ganglion > optic nerve

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24
Q

blindspot

A

no photorecptors, optic nerve connects to eye

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25
sclera
white part, gaze as a way of socializing
26
trichromatic
three different types of cones, s short, m medium, h long
27
tetrachromatic
respond more to yellow section of light
28
herrings opponent process
cones work in opposition, when one is activated others are suppressed
29
full visual pathway
retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, thalamus, primary visual cortex
30
vision cells
simple - orientation and edges complex - movement hypercomplex - combining multiple aspects
31
ventral stream
from occipital to temporal, help recognize visual stimulus
32
dorsal stream
occipital to parietal, help identify location and movement
33
apparent motion
if you project still images quickly, brain perceives it as fluid movement
34
illusory conjunction
flash image quickly may combine things incorrectly
35
binocular cues
require both eyes
36
retinal disparity
bi, difference between eyes decrease as distance increases
37
convergence
bi, eyes turn inward to view closer objects
38
familiar size
mono, known size able to judge depth
39
linear perspective
parallel lines look like they will converge in distance
40
texture gradient
it is easier to discern texture in closer objects
41
interpostion
object that obscures other is closer
42
relative size
things at bottom of visual field are closer than top
43
simplicity
mind interprets in simplest way possible
44
closure
brain fills in gaps where there is none to create groups
45
continuity
assume objects in a line as continious
46
similarity
more likely to group together objects that are similar
47
proximity
objects near each other as group
48
common fate
group together objects that move together
49
pinna
outer ear, collect and funnel sounds in auditory canal
50
auditory canal
sound vibrations travel through to eardrum
51
middle ear
malus, incus, stapes, amplify soundwaves
52
semicircular canals
inner ear, maintain balance
53
cochlea and hearing
filled with fluid, contains basilar membrane which vibrates, hair cells that bend, send action potential to auditory nerve
54
place theory
vibrations in different parts of basilar membrane produces different pitches
55
temporal theory
pitch is determined by timing of auditory nerve action
56
sound localization
process of determining location of a sound source
57
gestalt grouping sound
location - group of sounds from same source/location temporal - group based on proximity in time
58
a delta fibers
sharp shooting pain
59
c fibers
dull throbbing pain
60
haptic perception
sensors in muscles, skin, ligaments to perceive things
61
papillae
structure on surface of tongue containing taste buds
62
synesthesia
senses dont seperate
63
approach approach conflict
choose between two good options
64
avoidance avoidance
decide between 2 bad
65
approach avoidance
pros and cons
66
acculturative stress
stress of living in foreign culture
67
explanatory style
optimism vs pessimism
68
hardiness
commitment, comfortable with change, feel in control
69
locus of control
internal - in control external - out of control
70
diathesis stress model
chronic stress can kick off genetic predisposition to disorders
71
inflammation
psychological trauma is associated with increase in inflammation
72
fallacy of uniform efficancy
thought that one action will reduce stress for everyone
73
meditation
reduce stress, study show people lower risk of heart attack
74
stress inoculaion training
change your thought patterns from positive to negative
75
decisional control
ability to decide between different choices
76
informational control
gain information about a potientially stressful situation
77
emotional control
ability to express or repress your emotions
78
problem focused coping
prepare for stress causing event or responding to it
79
emotion focused
dealing with negative emotional response caused by event
80
repressive coping
avoiding feelings and thoughts that remind us of stressful events
81
social support coping
reaching out to close people to deal with event and associated emotions
82
direct effects hypothesis
social support has direct effect on mental health regardless of stress level
83
increase longevity
more money, internal loc, higher self control, optimistic, close relationships

binghamton univeristy psych 111 (9 decks)

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