Lecture 7 - EDI Flashcards
What is equity?
The removal of systemic barriers and biases enabling all individuals to have equal opportunity to access and benefit from what they need
What is meant by inclusion?
The practice of ensuring that all individuals are valued and respected for their contributions and are equally supported.
–> Organizational efforts to make all feel welcomes and equitably treated
When is health equity achieved?
Health equity is achieved when everyone can attain their full potential for health and well-being.
–> Determined by SDoH + structural determinants
What is tokenism?
Doing something (such as hiring a BIPOC person) only to prevent criticism and give the appearance that people are being treated fairly.
What are factors influence the lack of EDI in healthcare?
Minimal preparation and planning
No organizational commitment to EDI in mission statements, goals
Lack of measurement of outcomes
No Best-Practices
Homogeneous workforce
When was the Indian Act introduced?
1876
–> Goal to eradicate first nations’ cultures
Involved in this: Residential schools, sixties scoop
What is parachuting?
An extractive process whereby researchers treat community members as “data points” or “subjects” as opposed to human beings deserving of respect and dignity
–> No benefit for community and individuals who participated in creating research
Who introduced the concept of intersectionality?
Kimberle Crenshaw (1989)
–> Race is at the heart of intersectionality. Intersectionality describes how race, gender, class, and other individual characteristics intersect with one another and overlap.
Which theory shows the ways different identity aspects intersect to create complex experiences of inequity?
Intersectionality
What are the five tenets of critical race theory?
- The centrality of race and racism
–> Institutional, systemic, cultural - Challenging dominant ideology that centers whiteness/supremacy
- Commitment to social justice
- The centrality of narrative, experiential knowledge
- The importance of transdisciplinary knowledge to better understand racism and other prejudice.
–> “There is no one path to freedom”
What is public health?
The art (i.e., practice) and science (i.e., research) of protecting and improving the health of communities
What is meant by “centering in the margins”?
Making the perspectives of socially marginalized groups, rather than those of people belonging to
dominant race or culture, the central axis around which discourse on a topic revolves
What is critical consciousness?
Digging beneath the surface of information to develop deeper understandings of concepts, relationships, and personal biases
What is meant by “ordinariness” in CRT?
The nature of racism in post–civil rights society: that is, integral and normal rather than aberrational
What is Praxis?
Iterative process by which the knowledge gained from theory, research, personal experiences, and practice inform one another
CRT fosters a shared responsibility for healthcare providers to do what?
To go beyond such reductionistic models of health and sickness and examine the social forces that drive race-based inequities.
What is critical reflexivity?
Functions to control researcher bias
–> Awareness of how your presence affects the research process and the participants
–> How to participants affect the researcher
What is meant by “reflexivity as a technology of self”?
By knowing yourself and having an awareness of the dominant social rules/conduct, you can direct activities towards acquiring new knowledge
–> Both the researcher and participant participate in this process
What is the assimilationist model of multicultural education?
Provides for the merging of immigrants into American culture
based on the melting pot theory; but does not consider the distinguishing feature of color
What are the types of racism as identified by Peter and Arumuthas (2024)?
Internalized
Interpersonal/Aversive
Institutional
Structural/Systemic
–> Broader sociocultural ideas that shape inequalities (shaped by policies, practices, procedures that facilitate unequal opportunity and outcomes)
What is meant by cultural discontinuity as a catlyst?
Lack of cohesion between between cultural and communication patterns
–> Leads to miscommunication, misunderstanding and lack of representation in Eurocentric culture
How can issues relating to cultural discontinuity be addressed?
Cultural competence training
Individualized care plans
Collaboration with community resources
How can perspectives of race as catalysts for racism be mitigated?
Revising curricula to incorporate diverse perspectives, fostering inclusive learning environment.
What is the integrationist model of multicultural education?
the provision of opportunity for participating in American society; but does not consider the impact of race on opportunity or cultural differences associated with upward mobility patterns
What is the cultural pluralism model of multicultural education?
Mutual accommodation for the goal of productivity, which proceeds to assimilation; but does not consider the intricacies and uniqueness of issues and concerns of each group.
What is the goal of critical theory?
The goal is to eliminate social oppression through revelation of its oppressive nature
What is the basis of interpretive theory?
Individuals act and interact based on perceived meaning - one cannot expect the elimination of racist behaviour without a change in perceived meaning
What EDI best practices should be included in the nursing profession?
Nursing force should reflect nation’s demographic profile
Diversity + Inclusion enhance pt satisfaction and outcomes. Fosters cultural safety.
Lack of diversity can lead to exclusive and unsafe environment for those unrepresented
What are some benefits of employing reflexivity as a technology of self?
Allows participants voices to be heard in their own words
Creates openness to questions and information gathering from participants
Remains sensitive to relative researcher-participant position
Recognizes the agendas that are embedded to research/society
Encourages participants to self-explore and thereby gain new knowledge of themselves
Antiracist pedagogy is born out of the meshing of multicultural education and critical pedagogy. What are the three models of multicultural education described by Kailin (2002)?
The Assimilationist Model
The Integrationist Model
The Cultural Pluralism Model
What is meant by issues and concerns about race as a catalyst for racism?
The way individuals, particularly adolescents, carry unknowing bias the influence their perspectives and interactions - including internalized ideas, fear of speaking out, and microaggressions.
How can issues and concerns about race as a catalyst for racism be mitigated?
Diverse representation
Curriculum development
Community engagement
How can demographics act as catalysts for racism?
Demographic factors contribute to health disparities and influence patients health literacy and understanding of information in the way it is provided to them.
How can demographics as catalysts for racism be mitigated?
Diverse case-studies and scenarios
Community-based learning experiences
Which catalysts in society perpetuate racism?
Types of Racism
Cultural Discontinuity
Perspectives of Race
Issues and Concerns about Race
Demographics
What critiques do McGibbon & Etowa (2009) about cultural competence?
1 - Hard to measure and assess efficacy
2 - Attention is needed to power relations
3 - Promotion of stereotypes
