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Cell Bio and Histology - Heckert > Lecture 7 - Cytoplasmic Organelles > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Cytoplasmic Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

O-linked glycosylation occurs in which of the following locations?

A. Mitochondrial matrix

B. Rough ER

C. Golgi medial stack

D. Lysosome

A

C. Golgi medial stack

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2
Q

Vesicles transported from the ER to the TGN are coated with which of the following coatings?

A. Clathrin

B. COPII

C. COPI

D. Dark chocolate

A

B. COPII

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3
Q

Cardiolipin is associated with which of the following membranes?

A. TGN

B. Outer mitochondrial membrane

C. Inner mitochondrial membrane

D. Smooth ER

A

C. Inner mitochondrial membrane

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4
Q

Which of the electron transport chain complexes receives protons and electrons from succinate?

A. Complex I

B. Complex II

C. Complex III

D. Complex IV

A

B. Complex II

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5
Q

Define:

Cytoplasm

A

Portion of the cell between the nucleus and plasma
membrane, including the membrane-bound organelles

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6
Q

Define:

Cytosol

A

• Portion of the cell between the nucleus and the plasma
membrane exclusive of the membrane-bound organelles;

• The cortical cytoplasm just under the plasma membrane
has a distinct arrangement of cytoskeletal elements which
excludes organelles and maintains the stiff gel form of the
cell.

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7
Q

What is:

A system of basophilic, membrane-bound, interconnected
tubules and flattened compartments within the cytosol
studded on its cytsolic surface with ribosomes.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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8
Q

Lipid synthesis occurs in association with the _______
leaflet of the ER.

A

cytosolic

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9
Q

Translocation to the luminal leaflet requires what protein?

A

flippases

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10
Q

N-linked or O-linked glycosylation:

• Connection of oligosaccharides through the hydroxyl group of
Threonine, serine, or hydroxylysine

• Occurs within the Golgi system

A

O-linked

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11
Q

N-linked or O-linked glycosylation:

  • Connection of oligosaccharides to amino group of asparagine
  • Begins in the ER
  • Requires a dolichol carrier
A

N-linked

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12
Q

Functions of Smooth ER? (3)

A

• Detoxification (detoxifies lipid-soluble and water-soluble
substances into water-soluble compounds)

• Synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol, which are
lipids necessary for turnover of cell membranes (both the
plasma membrane as well as the membranes of
organelles)

• Abundant in steroid-producing cells

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13
Q

Function of the Golgi Apparatus? (4)

A
  • Sorts products into different pathways; Vesicles are targeted from Golgi apparatus to the apical or basolateral membranes of the cell.
  • Location of posttranslational modifications
  • Site for the assembly of proteoglycans
  • Sulfation
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14
Q

Cis-face, Trans-face, or Medial compartment of Golgi:

  • Site where most glycosylation takes place
  • Subdivided into cis, medial, and trans compartments
A

Medial

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15
Q

vesicles transported from the RER to the Cis-Golgi are coated with?

A

COPII

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16
Q

What proteins contain the KDEL signal?

A

Vesicles being transported from Golgi to RER:

  • These vesicles contain RER proteins that must be returned to the RER.
  • The proteins contain a KDEL signal (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu)
17
Q

Vescicles being transported between cisternae of the medial compartment of the Golgi are coated with what?

A

COPI

18
Q

vesicles leaving from the trans golgi face are coated with what?

A

• These vesicles are coated with clathrin which is removed shortly after
leaving the TGN.

19
Q

Lysosomes are formed where?

A

Golgi apparatus

20
Q

Lysosome membranes have:

A. Proteins that transport breakdown products into the
cytoplasm.

B. Hydrogen ion ATPase pumps

C. A and B

D. None of the above

A

C. A and B

21
Q

Lysosomes can be formed via:

A. Endocytosis

B. Autophagy

C. Phagocytosis

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above (formed, or pathway? go over)

Endocytosis:
• Small molecules are taken up by the cell and directed to vesicles called endosomes, which eventually form lysosomes
Autophagy:
• Worn-out organelles are broken down by lysosomal activity
Phagocytosis:
• Phagocytic vesicles are formed by cells specialized for the uptake of bacteria, viruses, and large particles.

22
Q

Which type of exocytosis does not require a triggering reaction?

A

• Constitutive secretory pathway:
• Does not require a triggering reaction

  • Selective exocytosis:
  • Of stored granules
  • Requires triggering signal
23
Q

Which of the following bind to a primary lysosome to become a secondary lysosome?

A. Endosomes

B. Phagosome

C. Autophagosome

A

B. Phagosome

Endosome - Slide 22

Phagosome and Autophagosome - Slide 23

24
Q

Which of the following reduces CoQ?

A. Complex 1

B. Complex 2

C. Complex 3

D. Complex 4

E. Complex 5

A

A. Complex 1

OUTLINE THE COMPLEXES, slide 26-28

25
Q

Which has a higher affinity for electrons, Complex V or Complex II?

A

Complex V,

as you travel down the chain electron affinity MUST increase so that the electrons keep moving.

26
Q

________ are associated with:
• ATP synthetase:
F1 particles
ATP synthesis
• Electron transport chain components
• Transport proteins
• Cardiolipin.
• Proteins for generation of energy and export and import

A

Cristae

27
Q

What does Cardiolipin do?

A

increases the IMPERMEABILITY of the inner mitochondrial membrane

28
Q

Which of the following is not in the mitochondrial matrix?

A. Mitochondrial DNA

B. Enzymes for the break-down of pyruvic acid, fatty acids,
and amino acids

C. Machinery for expression of mitochondrial genome

D. VDAD

A

D. VDAD

29
Q

The function of the respiratory chain is to transport the ____ to
_____, leading to oxidative phosphorylation.

A

electrons, oxygen

30
Q

Review figure 2-24

A
31
Q

T/F: The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to
hydrogen ions.

A

True

32
Q

From Anaerobic to the end of aerobic respiration you start with _______

and end with ______.

A

Energy-rich glucose molecule,

End with: low energy carbon dioxide, water, and a lot of ATP

33
Q

What does the endosymbiotic theory suggest?

A

that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes

• Mitochondria may have been derived from α-proteobacteria which
were capable of oxidative phosphorylation.

• Instead of being digested, the α-proteobacteria may have been
retained as symbionts.

• Mitochondria have circular DNA (similar to prokaryotes).

34
Q

T/F: Many mitochondrial genes may have been transposed to nuclear DNA.

A

True

35
Q

T/F: You get your mitochondria from your father

A

False

• Mitochondrial DNA follows maternal inheritance patterns.

36
Q

What is the function of Peroxisomes and what enzyme do they contain?

A

Catalase

• Catalase utilizes hydrogen peroxide as a substrate to oxidize
other molecules such as ethanol

• Oxidize a variety of substances to hydrogen peroxide (hence their
name) and break down hydrogen peroxide using catalase
• Synthesize lipids such as cholesterol
• Synthesize lysine
• Synthesize bile acids from cholesterol

37
Q
A

Cell Bio and Histology - Heckert (7 decks)

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