lecture 7 - cell part b Flashcards
where is the nucleolus
in the nucleus
what is the function of the nucleolus
production and assembly of ribosome components
does the nucleolus have a membrane
no, seen as dark spot in the nucleus
what is the function of ribosomes
protein synthesis
what are the two locations of ribosomes
free floating in cytoplasm
attached to rough ER
where are the proteins made by free floating ribosomes going to be used
used in the cell
what is an example of proteins made by free floating ribosomes
cytoskeleton fibers
what are the proteins made by RER ribosomes used for
stored and released when needed
example of proteins made by RER ribosomes
lysosomes enzymes
what are the three types of cytoskeleton
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments
what is the function of the cytoskeleton
support and give cells shape
can extend and contract to allow cell to change shape
characteristics of microtubules
thickest of cytoskeleton
hollow
functions of microtubules
give rigidity to cell
transport
how do microtubules aid in transport
in cell: using atp moving vesicles across cell on the microtubules
cilia and flagella for cell mobility
chromosome transportation during cell division
characteristics of centrosome
non membranous
pair of centrioles at a right angle from each other
what is the structure of centrioles
three microtubules packs arranged in a star shape
what is the function of the centrosome
organization of microtubules
moves chromosomes during cell division
what is a flagella
used for movement
few and long
what are cilia
used for movement
short and numerous
what are cilia and flagella made of
microtubules
characteristics of intermediate filaments
smaller than microtubules
larger than microfilaments
each type is constructed from different protein subunits
what is the function of intermediate filaments
maintaining cell shape
(don’t bind to atp or act as tracks for transport)
what are microfilaments
strings of actin (2 chains)
-muscle cells stretching and contracting
what are the functions of the microfilaments
maintaining cell shape
cell movement (muscle cell contracting)
what are the functions of the extracellular matrix
holds cell together
helps regulate cell behaviour
cell signaling
cell receptors
what is the extracellular matrix made of
gel like substance made of carbohydrates and fibrous proteins
what are the functions of the contractile vacuole
exports excess water from inside the cell
maintains cytoplasmic concentration of chemicals
what do animal cells have that plant cells don’t have
centrioles
what is the function of the cell wall
supports cell
rigidity
prevents water loss
what is the cell wall made of and what is that molecule made of
cellulose
structural polysaccharide
what is plasmodesmata
pores in the cell wall
what do plasmodesmata allow
movement of fluids between cells (small solutes and water)
directly connect cytoplasm of two cells
what is the function of the central vacuole
supports cell
storing compounds
disposing of metabolic waste (would endanger cell if left in cytoplasm)
characteristics of central vacuole
90% of plant cell volume
helps maintain turgor
site of storage for various products and waste
what is turgor
organelles being pushed towards the membrane
more robust cell
due to vacuole being filled with water
what is stored in the vacuole
proteins, inorganic ions, pigments and defensive compounds (protect plant against herbivores)
function of chloroplast
photosynthesis
characteristics of chloroplast
found in green parts of plant
contain pigment chlorophyll (traps light for photosynthesis)
double membrane
asexual reproduction
dna
have own set of ribosomes
energy converting organelles
+ what they convert
+ what they require
+ what is released/waste product of this
+ characteristics of these two organelles
mitochondria
food – ATP
requires O2 to make ATP
waste product produced: CO2
choloroplast
solar energy – food (chemical energy)
uses CO2 & solar energy to create glucose
released: O2
these are both double membrane bound organelles that contain their own DNA and proteins
- made by their own set of ribosomes
-can self-replicate
