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cegep biology > lecture 7 - cell part b > Flashcards

lecture 7 - cell part b Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

where is the nucleolus

A

in the nucleus

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2
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus

A

production and assembly of ribosome components

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3
Q

does the nucleolus have a membrane

A

no, seen as dark spot in the nucleus

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4
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

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5
Q

what are the two locations of ribosomes

A

free floating in cytoplasm
attached to rough ER

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6
Q

where are the proteins made by free floating ribosomes going to be used

A

used in the cell

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7
Q

what is an example of proteins made by free floating ribosomes

A

cytoskeleton fibers

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8
Q

what are the proteins made by RER ribosomes used for

A

stored and released when needed

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9
Q

example of proteins made by RER ribosomes

A

lysosomes enzymes

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10
Q

what are the three types of cytoskeleton

A

microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments

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11
Q

what is the function of the cytoskeleton

A

support and give cells shape
can extend and contract to allow cell to change shape

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12
Q

characteristics of microtubules

A

thickest of cytoskeleton
hollow

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13
Q

functions of microtubules

A

give rigidity to cell
transport

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14
Q

how do microtubules aid in transport

A

in cell: using atp moving vesicles across cell on the microtubules
cilia and flagella for cell mobility
chromosome transportation during cell division

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15
Q

characteristics of centrosome

A

non membranous
pair of centrioles at a right angle from each other

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16
Q

what is the structure of centrioles

A

three microtubules packs arranged in a star shape

17
Q

what is the function of the centrosome

A

organization of microtubules
moves chromosomes during cell division

18
Q

what is a flagella

A

used for movement
few and long

19
Q

what are cilia

A

used for movement
short and numerous

20
Q

what are cilia and flagella made of

A

microtubules

21
Q

characteristics of intermediate filaments

A

smaller than microtubules
larger than microfilaments
each type is constructed from different protein subunits

22
Q

what is the function of intermediate filaments

A

maintaining cell shape
(don’t bind to atp or act as tracks for transport)

23
Q

what are microfilaments

A

strings of actin (2 chains)
-muscle cells stretching and contracting

24
Q

what are the functions of the microfilaments

A

maintaining cell shape
cell movement (muscle cell contracting)

25
Q

what are the functions of the extracellular matrix

A

holds cell together
helps regulate cell behaviour
cell signaling
cell receptors

26
Q

what is the extracellular matrix made of

A

gel like substance made of carbohydrates and fibrous proteins

27
Q

what are the functions of the contractile vacuole

A

exports excess water from inside the cell
maintains cytoplasmic concentration of chemicals

28
Q

what do animal cells have that plant cells don’t have

A

centrioles

29
Q

what is the function of the cell wall

A

supports cell
rigidity
prevents water loss

30
Q

what is the cell wall made of and what is that molecule made of

A

cellulose
structural polysaccharide

31
Q

what is plasmodesmata

A

pores in the cell wall

32
Q

what do plasmodesmata allow

A

movement of fluids between cells (small solutes and water)
directly connect cytoplasm of two cells

33
Q

what is the function of the central vacuole

A

supports cell
storing compounds
disposing of metabolic waste (would endanger cell if left in cytoplasm)

34
Q

characteristics of central vacuole

A

90% of plant cell volume
helps maintain turgor
site of storage for various products and waste

35
Q

what is turgor

A

organelles being pushed towards the membrane
more robust cell
due to vacuole being filled with water

36
Q

what is stored in the vacuole

A

proteins, inorganic ions, pigments and defensive compounds (protect plant against herbivores)

37
Q

function of chloroplast

A

photosynthesis

38
Q

characteristics of chloroplast

A

found in green parts of plant
contain pigment chlorophyll (traps light for photosynthesis)
double membrane
asexual reproduction
dna
have own set of ribosomes

39
Q

energy converting organelles
+ what they convert
+ what they require
+ what is released/waste product of this
+ characteristics of these two organelles

A

mitochondria
food – ATP
requires O2 to make ATP
waste product produced: CO2

choloroplast
solar energy – food (chemical energy)
uses CO2 & solar energy to create glucose
released: O2

these are both double membrane bound organelles that contain their own DNA and proteins
- made by their own set of ribosomes
-can self-replicate

cegep biology (4 decks)

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