Lecture 7- Blood Supply of the Brain

Question 1

The arteries of the brain in descending order

Answer 1

Anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Superior cerebellar artery
Basilar artery
Pontine arteries
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Vertebral artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 2

2 originating arterial trunks

Answer 2

Internal carotid artery

Vertebral artery

Question 3

Internal carotid artery supplies

Answer 3

Frontal and occipital lobes

Question 4

Vertebral artery

Answer 4

Occipital lobe, brainstem, cerebellum and upper portion of spinal cord

Question 5

Internal carotid artery course

Answer 5

Extracranial part enters cranial cavity
via carotid canal
Intracranial S-shape curve called
carotid siphon
Petrous part of temporal bone
Side of sphenoid & within cavernous
sinus
Reaches base of brain lateral to
optic chiasm
Cerebral course pierces dura mater to
reach anterior perforated space

Question 6

Extracerebral branches of internal carotid

Answer 6

Petrous part
Cavernous part
After cavernous course

Question 7

Petrous part

Answer 7

Carototympanic to tympanic cavity

Pterygoid artery to pterygoid canal

Question 8

Cavernous part

Answer 8

Cavernous branches
Meningeal branches
Hypophysial branches

Question 9

After cavernous course

Answer 9

Ophthalmic to contents of orbital cavity

Question 10

Cerebral branches

Answer 10

Choroidal
Anterior
Middle

Question 11

Choroidal cerebral branch

Answer 11

Choroid plexus
Globus pallidus
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Optic tract and radiation
Hippocampus

Question 12

Anterior cerebral

Answer 12

Smaller, terminal branch of ICA
Cortical branch
Central branch

Question 13

Cortical branch of ant cerebral artery

Answer 13

Medial surface of cerebrum

Marginal area of superolateral surfaces of cerebrum

Question 14

Central branch of ant cerebral artery

Answer 14

Rostrum of corpus callosum
Septum pellucidum
Putamen
Head of caudate nucleus
Medial thalamostriate

Question 15

Middle cerebral artery

Answer 15

Largest terminal branch of ICA
Cortical
Central
Posterior communicating

Question 16

Cortical branch of middle cerebral artery

Answer 16

Superolateral surface and temporal pole
Insula lobe
Inferolateral parietal lobe

Question 17

Central branch of middle cerebral artery

Answer 17

Lateral striate
Caudate nucleus
Internal capsule
Lentiform nucleus
Charcot's artery

Question 18

Charcot’s artery

Answer 18

largest and most ruptured during stroke

Question 19

Vertebral artery origin

Answer 19

First part of subclavian artery

Question 20

Vertebral artery course

Answer 20

Paravertebral
Vertebral
Atlantic
Intracerebral

Transverse foramen C6-C1
Foramen magnum
Ends at lower boarder of pons, joining opposite vertebral artery to form the basilar artery

Question 21

Branches of vertebral artery

Answer 21

Posterior spinal artery
- dorsal 1/3
Anterior spinal artery
- ventral 2/3
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- cerebellum
Medullary artery
- medulla oblongata
Basilar artery
- formed by union of opposing vertebral arteries

Question 22

Branches of basilar artery

Answer 22

Pontine
- pons
Labyrintine
- internal ear
Anterior inferior cerebellar
- anterior and inferior surface of cerebellum
Superior cerebellar
- superior surface of cerebellum
- anastomose with AICA
Posterior cerebral

Question 23

Posterior cerebral artery divisions

Answer 23

Cortical
Central
Posterior choroidal

Question 24

Cortical division of posterior cerebral

Answer 24

Inferior surface of cerebrum

Occipital pole

Question 25

Central division of posterior cerebral

Answer 25

Thalamus 3rd ventricle Globus pallidus

Question 26

Posterior choroidal

Answer 26

Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle Thalamus Fornix Tectum of midbrain

Question 27

Circle of Willis function

Answer 27

Arterial anastomosis Connects vertebrobasilar and internal carotid systems To equalise blood flow to various parts of the brain - maintain constant supply of oxygen and glucose Furnishes collateral circulation of one or more arteries is occluded

Question 28

Circle of Willis location

Answer 28

Base of interpeduncular fossa

Question 29

Branches involved in Circle of Willis

Answer 29

``` Anterior cerebral Anterior communicating Posterior communicating Posterior cerebral Internal carotid ```

Question 30

Occlusion of anterior spinal artery

Answer 30

Acute thoracic cord syndrome - paraplegia - incontinence

Question 31

Venous drainage of brain

Answer 31

``` No valves Extremely this walls Lack of muscle in tunica media Pierce arachnoid mater and inner layer of dura mater Ends in dural venous sinuses ```

Question 32

3 sets of brain veins

Answer 32

Superficial veins Deep veins Dural venous sinuses

Question 33

8 dural venous sinuses

Answer 33

``` Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Transverse sinus Sigmoid sinus Occipital sinus Cavernous and intercavernous sinus Superior petrosal sinus Inferior petrosal sinus ```