Lecture 7

Question 1

Define Regeneration

Answer 1

• Growth of cells & tissue to replace lost structures
• requires intact tissue scaffolding
• requires appropriate stem cell to be intact

Question 2

Define Healing

Answer 2

= formation of scar

• ECM framework damaged
• collagen

Question 3

Define Fibrosis

Answer 3

= formation of excessive fibrous tissue

• can adversely affect functional capacity
• e.g. fibrosis following myocardial infarct = compromised contractile funct.

Question 4

What tissues regenerate well?

Answer 4

Epithelial tissues (skin, mucous mem.)
Fibrous Connective Tissue (bone)

Question 5

What tissues have moderate regeneration capacity?

Answer 5

• Smooth muscle

- Dense connective tissue

Question 6

What tissue have weak regeneration capacity?

Answer 6

• Skeletal muscle

- Cartilage

Question 7

What tissues have no regenerative capacity? (replaced by scar tissue)

Answer 7

• Heart
• Brain
• Spine
• Nervous Tissue

Question 8

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Answer 8

• Most common (85-90% cases)
• Gradually developing (no sudden vision loss)
• When RPE cells die, retinal cells above also die = patches of ‘missing’ retina

Question 9

wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Answer 9

• more severe than dry AMD (10-15% cases)
• New blood vessels grow beneath the retina
• Bleeding/leaking fluid = scarring of retina & vision loss
• rapid & severe loss of central vision can occur

Question 10

AMD treatment

Answer 10

NO CURE
- treatment aimed at maintaining useful central vision

Wet AMD = anti-VEGF therapies –> drugs injected into vitreous cavity of eye every 1-3months

Question 11

Define mechanotransduction

Answer 11

Process where cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli by converting them to biochemical signals that elicit specific cellular responses