Lecture 7&8 cytokines/ triggers of adaptive Flashcards
characteristics of cytokines
low molecular weight, secreted “messenger” protein
regulate intensity and duration of innate/adaptive immune response
activity is receptor mediated
cytokine receptor is needed in order for cytokine to act on cell
3 types of cytokine activity
autocrine
paracrine
endocrine
define autocrine
act on the cell that produced it
IL-12
define paracrine
act on another cell nearby
IL-12
define endocrine
act at a distant location
IL3
pathway that trigger cytokine release:
antigen
antigen–> TCR (t-cell receptor on t-cells)–> specific immune response
pathway that trigger cytokine release:
PAMPs
PAMPs–> TLR–>IL-1, TNF alpha, IL-6 (pro-inflammatory cytokines)
pathway that trigger cytokine release:
antibodies
antibodies–> FcR–> IL-1, TNF alpha
cytokines that mediate and regulate innate immunity:
IL-12
produced by antigen presenting cells
activate NK cells to be more efficient killers
induce IFN-gamma production
stimulate differentiation of Th1 cells
characteristics of type 1 interferons
IFN alpa and IFN beta
part of innate immunity
produced by virally-infected nucleated cells
make other cells resistant to viral infections
characteristics of type 2 interferons
interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)
role in both innate and adaptive immunity
produced by NK cells and activated Th1
antiviral
activated macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells
promotes Th1 development
inhibits Th2 development
promotes B-cell to produce IgG
upregulated MHC expression on APCs
cytokines that mediate and regulate adaptive immunity
-produced primarily by T lymphocytes
-elicited in response to specific antigen recognition
-regulate lymphocyte activation, growth and differentiation
-enhance innate defense
importance of IL-2
regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth and differentiation
lymphocyte proliferation
importance of IL-4
regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth and differentiation
stimulate Th2, B cell differentiation (IgE)
importance of IL-13
regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth and differentiation
B cell differentiation (IgE)
importance of IL-10
regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth and differentiation
Inhibit Th1
importance of TGF beta
regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth and differentiation
treg cytokine, B cell differentiation (IgA)
importance of IFN gamma
regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth and differentiation
enhance innate immunity
B cell differentiation (IgG)
activate macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells
importance of TNF
enhance innate immunity
activate endothelial cells, neutrophils
importance of IL-5
enhance innate immunity
eosinophil activation and generation
cytokines that stimulate hematopoiesis: what do they do and how are they produced
regulate growth and differentiation of RBC
Produced during both innate and adaptive immune response
list of clinically important hematopoietic cytokines
erythropoietin
thrombopoietin
IL-11
IL-3
IL-5
GM-CSF
G-CSF
M-CSF
function of erythropoietin
stimulate production and differentiation of RBC
function of thrombopoietin and IL-11
stimulate platelete production
function of IL-3
stimulate bone marrow production of WBCs
function of IL-5
stimulate eosinophil differentiation during parasite infection/allergic response
antagonist used in esosinphilia and asthma
function of GM-CSF
stimulate differentiation of neutrophil and monocytes
function of G-CSF
stimulate differentiation of neutrophils
function of M-CSF
stimulate differentiation of monocytes
