Lecture 3&4 early recognition and inflammation Flashcards
___________ cells recognize invading microbes
sentinel cells (guard cells)
T/F pathogens grow fast, must be detected and destroyed quickly
TRUE
What are the 3 types of sentinel (guard) cells that recognize pathogens
mast cells
macrophages
dendritic cell
how do sentinel cells recognize pathogens
they notice alarm signals by using their PRRs
what is a PRR
pattern recognition receptors
these identify PAMPs and DAMPs
what is a PAMP
Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns
alarms signals are generated by: invading microorganisms (exogenous signals)
what is a DAMP
Damage Associated Molecular Pattern
(sometimes called Alarmins)
alarms signals are generated by: dead or dying host cells
DAMPs and PAMPs are identified by _________ present on ___________ cells located throughout the body so that leads to cytokines
PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)
sentinel
examples of PAMPs
bacterial lipopolysaccharides
bacterial peptidoglycan
bacterial DNA
Viral nucleic acids
Lipopolysaccharides are gram _______
negative
peptidoglycan are gram _______
positive
some DAMPs are released when cells _____ (intracellular) or generated when _______________ is damaged (extracellular)
die
connective tissue
when host cells die what happens to the mitochondria
may be recognized as the bacteria they once were
mitochondria were originally sing celled and its DNA is un-methylated so it presents as bacterial DNA
list some intracellular DAMPs
HMGB1 (most important)
uric acid
adenosine
list some extracellular DAMPs
hyaluronic acid
elastin
collagen derived peptides
**form connective tissue
why is HMGB-1 an important DAMP
it affects the epithelium, endothelium, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages
leads to severe inflammation
what are the categories of PRRs
soluble
within vesicles
cytoplasmic
membrane-bound
what kind of PRR are TLRs
membrane-bound