Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structural difference between the smooth ER and the rough ER?

A

Rough ER looks like sheets or disks of bumpy membranes while smooth ER looks more like tubes. Rough ER is called rough because it has ribosomes attached to its surface.

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2
Q

What is the function of the smooth ER?

A
  • metabolism of carbohydrates
  • lipid synthesis for membranes
  • detoxification of drugs and poisons
  • storage of calcium ions
  • extensive sER in cells active in these processes
  • the amount of sER can be increased or decreased to meet demand.
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3
Q

What is the function of the rough ER?

A
  • involved in protein synthesis
  • secreted and membrane-bound proteins enter the lumen (interior) of the rER
  • processed via the endomembrane system.
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4
Q

What is the Golgi complex?

A

A series of membrane sacs and associated vesicles.

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5
Q

Where do vesicles enter and leave the Golgi complex?

A

Enter from the cis face and leave from the trans face.

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6
Q

What is the function of the Golgi?

A
  • glycosylation of proteins (adding or modifying carbohydrates, important for cells surface proteins)
  • sorting proteins (adds markers to send proteins to vesicles)
  • directing vesicle trafficking (with markers)
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7
Q

What is a retrieval tag?

A

Directs proteins back.

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8
Q

By what process are hormones and neurotransmitters released from the cell?

A

Exocytosis

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9
Q

By what process is ‘food’ taken into the cell?

A

Endocytosis

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10
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

The non-selective uptake of solutes.

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11
Q

What is the function of a lysome and how do they work?

A

To digest cellular materials using hydrolytic enzymes, or to undergo autophagy (whole cell destruction).

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