Lecture 10

Question 1

What three things is ATP involved with?

Answer 1

• Energy transfer
• RNA synthesis
• Neurotransmission

Question 2

What type of reaction is ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 2

Exergonic (releases energy)

Question 3

Which reaction produces heat in shivering?

Answer 3

ATP hydrolysis

Question 4

Why does ATP hydrolysis produce such a large amount of energy?

Answer 4

P-P-P bonds

Question 5

ATP hydrolysis couples to ___________ cellular reactions

Answer 5

ATP hydrolysis couples to endergonic cellular reactions.

Question 6

What is reaction coupling in terms of ATP?

Answer 6

An energetically favourable reaction (like ATP hydrolysis) is directly linked with an energetically unfavorable (endergonic) reaction.

Question 7

Coupling is often achieved through the transfer of the __________
• forms a ___________ -___________
• which may be _____ reactive
• and thus allow a reaction to proceed

Answer 7

coupling often achieved through the transfer
of the phosphate
• forms a phosphorylated intermediate
• which may be more reactive
• and thus allow a reaction to proceed

Question 8

How does ATP create active transport?

Answer 8

• ATP forms a phosphorylated intermediate
• which may change the shape of the molecule
• allows the active transport of molecules

Question 9

How many ATP molecules does a single muscle cell use every second/

Answer 9

10^6

Question 10

What is ATP regenerated from?

Answer 10

regenerated from ADP + P

Question 11

What type of reaction is ATP regeneration?

Answer 11

an energy requiring (endergonic) reaction

Question 12

Where does the energy required for ATP regeneration come from?

Answer 12

energy obtained from cellular respiration

Question 13

What are two types of catabolism without oxygen?

Answer 13

Fermentation and anaerobic respiration.

Question 14

Some prokaryotes substitute for ________ in respiration.

Answer 14

Some prokaryotes substitute for oxygen in respiration.

Question 15

What happens in cellular respiration?

Answer 15

Organic molecule (C6H12O6) + O2 produces CO2 + H2O + Energy.

Question 16

What is oxidation?

Answer 16

electron loss

Question 17

What is reduction?

Answer 17

Electron gain

Question 18

During reduction, where do electrons move, and what does this cause?

Answer 18

Nearer to the oxygen nucleus. Energy released. (this is the energy the cell captures and puts to work)

Question 19

Energy is required to pull electrons away from the ________ ________ _________.

Answer 19

energy is required to pull electrons away from the positive atomic nucleus

Question 20

How does cellular respiration harvest the energy in food molecules?

Answer 20

cellular respiration harvests the energy in C-H bonds in food molecules by transferring the electrons to O2.

Question 21

In cellular respiration, what are electrons stripped from glucose transferred to?

Answer 21

NAD (an electron carrier)

Question 22

What is NADH used to power?

Answer 22

The electron transport chain

Question 23

a dehydrogenase enzyme removes _____

hydrogen atoms from ________ and transfers the _____ electrons plus ____ H+ to NAD+ forming NADH.

Answer 23

a dehydrogenase enzyme removes two hydrogen atoms from glucose and transfers the 2 electrons plus 1 H+ to NAD+ forming NADH.

Question 24

What is the function of ATP synthase?

Answer 24

To make ATP from ADP + P

Question 25

How does ATP synthase work? (5)

Answer 25

It uses the H+ gradient to power ATP formation.

• H+ ions flow into a half
channel
• H+ ions bind to the rotor
and change its shape
• rotor spins
• after one turn of the rotor
H+ ions exit to the
mitochondrial matrix
• rotor turns the rod which
activates catalytic sites to
produce ATP