Lecture 7

Question 1

heterotrophe means ________

Answer 1

eat other things, non-photosynthetic

Question 2

Fungi are multicellular or unicellular?

Answer 2

multicellular

Question 3

what special about how fungi eats food?

Answer 3

they grow into the food; external digestion of food

Question 4

fungi closely related to plants?

Answer 4

no, more closely related to animals

Question 5

: branching filaments of fungi

Answer 5

Hyphae (hypha singular):

Question 6

: branching mass of hyphae

Answer 6

Mycelium:

Question 7

The two kinds of hyphae in most fungi

Answer 7

Septate hyphae

Coenocytic hyphae

Question 8

septum definition

Answer 8

cell wall that separate individual cells

Question 9

septate hyphae chracteristics

Answer 9

Has a pore

Nuclei squeeze through pores

Question 10

Coenocytic hyphae chracteristics

Answer 10

Means common cell
They are aseptate” no cell walls
Just a mass of tissue with nuclei and cytoplasm floating through

Question 11

What can you tell about the fungi if their sexual reproduction is seen?

Answer 11

you can identify which group the fungi belong to

Question 12

do most fungi reproduced sexually or asexually?

Answer 12

asexually

Question 13

asexual reproduction in fungi produces _____

Answer 13

spores

Question 14

the 3 ways fungi produce spore

Answer 14

1) Spores in Sporangia: : Fungal body moves nuclei to tip of hyphae, surrounding it, and make it resistant cell; a spore
2) Conidia (spores) in conidiophores: produced in a string towards the end. Conidiophores carry the conidia
3) Budding: confined to single celled fungi; parent cells bud off daughter cell. Leaves parent cell with scar. Parent cell can only divide so many times (20-40 times) because cell division cannot take place at a scar

Question 15

the fusion of cytoplasm between two haploid fungi

Answer 15

plasmogamy

Question 16

the two un-fused haploid nuclei from different parents in the same cytoplasm (n + n)

Answer 16

heterokaryotic

Question 17

fusion of haploid nuclei from two different fungi in the same cytoplasm making a diploid nucleus

Answer 17

karyogamy

Question 18

zygote in fungi?

Answer 18

the diploid nucleus (2n)

Question 19

what happen to the zygote in the fungi?

Answer 19

undergoes meiosis producing spores sexually
These spores are haploid because they were created by meiosis
The spore germinates (the fungal body grows out of it)
Goes on to enter the long asexual period

Question 20

What does the “spore germinates” mean

Answer 20

the fungal boy grows out of the spore

Question 21

Single cells, Haploid (n)
Most <20μm (rarely <100μm)
Contains: nucleus, dehydrated cytoplasm and protective coat
Some can remain dormant for long periods of time

Answer 21

fungi spores

Question 22

the two process of producing spores in both asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 22

Mitosis: Asexual reproduction
Meiosis: sexual reproduction

Question 23

What is the purpose or function of fungi spores?

Answer 23

Purpose/ functions
Move to new food source, the way fungi get around
Avoid or “wait out” adverse in environment
New genetic combination → sexual reproduction by meiosis

Question 24

how do fungi move around?

Answer 24

spores

Question 25

5 phylum of fungi?

Answer 25

``` Chytridiomycota (chytrids) Zygomycetes Glomeromycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes ```

Question 26

1000 species Single cells or colonies that can make hyphae Flagellated "zoospore" Haploid "Zoo" because it swims Aquatic, soil (especially damp) environments Decomposers, parasites (infects amphibian's skin), commensals (can live in digestive tract of sheep and cattle without harming them)

Answer 26

Chytridiomycota (chytrids)

Question 27

1000 species Coenocytic (nonseptate) hyphae Decomposers, parasites, commensals Ex: insect covered in spores, black mold

Answer 27

Zygomycetes

Question 28

160 species Non-septate hyphae Obligate (have to) symbionts: mycorrhizae: they cannot live by themselves, have to live in association with plant roots These fungi are associated with plant roots that are beneficial to both plant roots and the fungi; mutualists Mycorrhizae: (mycorr = fungus hiz = root) root fungus Arbuscular mycorrhizae: they branch out in a shrub like structure when they enter the plant root

Answer 28

Phylum Glomeromycota

Question 29

Sac fungi 65 000 species; biggest group of fungi Unicellular (yeast) Multicellular (truffles, cup fungi, morels) What you think is the "fungi" is the fruiting body of the plant Where sexual reproduction steps take place

Answer 29

Phylum Ascomycota

Question 30

Truffles are found _________

Answer 30

underground

Question 31

Asexual reproduction in Ascomycota

Answer 31

Unicellular: yeast→ budding | multicellular→ formation of conidia (spores) on conidiophores

Question 32

Sexual reproduction in Ascomycota

Answer 32

the formation of ascospores in ascus | 8 spores in each ascus

Question 33

What's different about the zygomycota life cycle?

Answer 33

After the cytoplasms join together, both fungi wall off the nuclei from the rest of themselves

Question 34

root fungus

Answer 34

Mycorrhizae

Question 35

what is the only thing that is unicellular in the ascotmya

Answer 35

Unicellular | yeast→ budding

Question 36

the formation of ascospores in ascus

Answer 36

Sexual reproduction in Ascomycota:

Question 37

where all the steps of sexual reproduction take place

Answer 37

fruiting body

Question 38

what is the function of the strands in the fruiting cup?

Answer 38

The strands line the cup because they're going to make spores

Question 39

Mushroom thats turned so its a ball

Answer 39

puffball

Question 40

fungi that has spores that are inside and are released when they get stepped on

Answer 40

puffball

Question 41

City of mycota that have been growing out in a circle for years

Answer 41

fairy rings

Question 42

pedestal The four spores are like the legs of the stool Spores are released from the gills

Answer 42

basidium