Lecture 7 Flashcards
heterotrophe means ________
eat other things, non-photosynthetic
Fungi are multicellular or unicellular?
multicellular
what special about how fungi eats food?
they grow into the food; external digestion of food
fungi closely related to plants?
no, more closely related to animals
: branching filaments of fungi
Hyphae (hypha singular):
: branching mass of hyphae
Mycelium:
The two kinds of hyphae in most fungi
Septate hyphae
Coenocytic hyphae
septum definition
cell wall that separate individual cells
septate hyphae chracteristics
Has a pore
Nuclei squeeze through pores
Coenocytic hyphae chracteristics
Means common cell
They are aseptate” no cell walls
Just a mass of tissue with nuclei and cytoplasm floating through
What can you tell about the fungi if their sexual reproduction is seen?
you can identify which group the fungi belong to
do most fungi reproduced sexually or asexually?
asexually
asexual reproduction in fungi produces _____
spores
the 3 ways fungi produce spore
1) Spores in Sporangia: : Fungal body moves nuclei to tip of hyphae, surrounding it, and make it resistant cell; a spore
2) Conidia (spores) in conidiophores: produced in a string towards the end. Conidiophores carry the conidia
3) Budding: confined to single celled fungi; parent cells bud off daughter cell. Leaves parent cell with scar. Parent cell can only divide so many times (20-40 times) because cell division cannot take place at a scar
the fusion of cytoplasm between two haploid fungi
plasmogamy
the two un-fused haploid nuclei from different parents in the same cytoplasm (n + n)
heterokaryotic
fusion of haploid nuclei from two different fungi in the same cytoplasm making a diploid nucleus
karyogamy
zygote in fungi?
the diploid nucleus (2n)
what happen to the zygote in the fungi?
undergoes meiosis producing spores sexually
These spores are haploid because they were created by meiosis
The spore germinates (the fungal body grows out of it)
Goes on to enter the long asexual period
What does the “spore germinates” mean
the fungal boy grows out of the spore
Single cells, Haploid (n)
Most <20μm (rarely <100μm)
Contains: nucleus, dehydrated cytoplasm and protective coat
Some can remain dormant for long periods of time
fungi spores
the two process of producing spores in both asexual and sexual reproduction?
Mitosis: Asexual reproduction
Meiosis: sexual reproduction
What is the purpose or function of fungi spores?
Purpose/ functions
Move to new food source, the way fungi get around
Avoid or “wait out” adverse in environment
New genetic combination → sexual reproduction by meiosis
how do fungi move around?
spores
5 phylum of fungi?
Chytridiomycota (chytrids) Zygomycetes Glomeromycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes
1000 species
Single cells or colonies that can make hyphae
Flagellated “zoospore”
Haploid
“Zoo” because it swims
Aquatic, soil (especially damp) environments
Decomposers, parasites (infects amphibian’s skin), commensals (can live in digestive tract of sheep and cattle without harming them)
Chytridiomycota (chytrids)
1000 species
Coenocytic (nonseptate) hyphae
Decomposers, parasites, commensals
Ex: insect covered in spores, black mold
Zygomycetes
160 species
Non-septate hyphae
Obligate (have to) symbionts: mycorrhizae: they cannot live by themselves, have to live in association with plant roots
These fungi are associated with plant roots that are beneficial to both plant roots and the fungi; mutualists
Mycorrhizae: (mycorr = fungus hiz = root) root fungus
Arbuscular mycorrhizae: they branch out in a shrub like structure when they enter the plant root
Phylum Glomeromycota
Sac fungi
65 000 species; biggest group of fungi
Unicellular (yeast)
Multicellular (truffles, cup fungi, morels)
What you think is the “fungi” is the fruiting body of the plant
Where sexual reproduction steps take place
Phylum Ascomycota
Truffles are found _________
underground
Asexual reproduction in Ascomycota
Unicellular: yeast→ budding
multicellular→ formation of conidia (spores) on conidiophores
Sexual reproduction in Ascomycota
the formation of ascospores in ascus
8 spores in each ascus
What’s different about the zygomycota life cycle?
After the cytoplasms join together, both fungi wall off the nuclei from the rest of themselves
root fungus
Mycorrhizae
what is the only thing that is unicellular in the ascotmya
Unicellular
yeast→ budding
the formation of ascospores in ascus
Sexual reproduction in Ascomycota:
where all the steps of sexual reproduction take place
fruiting body
what is the function of the strands in the fruiting cup?
The strands line the cup because they’re going to make spores
Mushroom thats turned so its a ball
puffball
fungi that has spores that are inside and are released when they get stepped on
puffball
City of mycota that have been growing out in a circle for years
fairy rings
pedestal
The four spores are like the legs of the stool
Spores are released from the gills
basidium
