lecture 7

Question 1

unconsciousness from GA can be achieved by manipulating what two things?

Answer 1

arousal pathways and cognition

Question 2

4 stages of anesthesia

Answer 2

analgesia, disinhibition, surgical anesthesia, medullary depression

Question 3

what is minimum alveolar concentration?

Answer 3

minimum alveolar concentration of anesthetic that prevents movement in 50% of subjects in response to a standard surgical incision.

Question 4

the greater ventilation does what to induction of anesthetics?

Answer 4

more rapid

Question 5

what is the cutt off phenomenon?

Answer 5

beyond a certain point, the potency drops off even though there is an increase in hydrocarbon chain and lipophilicity

Question 6

ostwald coefficients term used to describe what?

Answer 6

solubility of inhaled anesthetics in blood

Question 7

how is ostwald coefficient related to induction rate?

Answer 7

inversely related

Question 8

the more soluble inhaled aesthetic in blood compared with air the _______ the ostwald coefficient

Answer 8

higher

Question 9

uptake and distribution of inhaled anesthetics deals with what to law?

Answer 9

daltons law and henrys law

Question 10

which lawdeals with the partial pressure (tension ) of gases and states that in a mixture the partial pressure of each component gas is directly related to its concentration in the mixture

Answer 10

daltons

Question 11

which law describes the solubility of gases in liquidsThe quantity that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in direct contact with the liquid

Answer 11

henrys law

Question 12

anesthetics have 5 different classes separated based on what two things?

Answer 12

receptor target and the alter i/E balance

Question 13

what is the most commonly used barbiturate for IV induction?

Answer 13

thiopental

Question 14

what does barbiturates cause?

Answer 14

post operative nausea, respiratory depression, dose dependent decrease in MAP.

Question 15

what is used for head trauma cases and why?

Answer 15

barbiturates? no increase in intracranial pressure

Question 16

what is the most commonly used drug for induction to anesthesia?

Answer 16

propofol

Question 17

inhalation anesthetics used for what?

Answer 17

to maintain not induce anesthesia

Question 18

nitrous oxide shouldn’t be used for people with what?

Answer 18

COPD

Question 19

dose nitrous oxide have low or high blood solubility?

Answer 19

low

Question 20

main characteristics of isoflurane ( forage)

Answer 20

general anesthetic, no hepatic and renal toxicity. pungent odor. fast induction and recovery.

Question 21

main characteristics of halothane (fluothane)

Answer 21

GA. bronchodilator. sensitizes heart to catecholamine induced arrthymias. risk of hepatic toxicity “halothane hepatitis”

Question 22

sevoflurane (ultane) good for what?

Answer 22

use in kids. reacts with soda lime to produce compound, may be nephrotoxic