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pharm exam 2 > lecture 11 > Flashcards

lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

procaine and tetracaine are what kinds of LA?

A

esters

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2
Q

lidocaine, mepivicaine and bupiviciane are what kind of LA?

A

amide

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3
Q

procaine DOA

A

short

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4
Q

first discovered LA?

A

cocaine

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5
Q

what blocks reuptake of amines?

A

cocaine

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6
Q

LA must diffuse into what?

A

systole of the neuronal axon

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7
Q

benzocaine what is it? and is its solubility high or low?

A

topical ointments, low

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8
Q

what is an agent without terminal amino group?

A

benzocaine

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9
Q

aromatic ring shows what?

A

lipophilicity

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10
Q

amine group shows what?

A

hydrophilicity

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11
Q

explain the biotransformation for each kind of LA.

A

ester deesterification in pasma and tissue by pseudocholinesterase. amides dealkylation by CYP450 in liver

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12
Q

anesthetic interacts with what subunit in the pore?

A

alpha

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13
Q

how many repeat transmembrane domains in alpha subunit?

A

4

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14
Q

each domain in alpha subunit how how many membrane spanning segments?

A

6

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15
Q

____ movement increase permeability to ions

A

s4

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16
Q

LA bind to what segment and domain?

A

S6 , 1, 3, 4

17
Q

distribution into the nerve fiber is increase by ______ pka

A

lower

18
Q

distribution into nerve fiber is decreased by what?

A

low PH because more drug is protonated

19
Q

the larger the diameter of the fiber, the more/less sensitive to the LA

A

less

20
Q

in myelinated fibers, how many nodes need to be blocked to inhibit impulse propagation?

A

3

21
Q

order of nerve blockade?

A

small myelinated, small unmyelinated, large myelinated, large unmyelinated

22
Q

order of loss of function?

A

pain, temp, touch, proprioception, skeletal muscle tone

23
Q

are fibers who fire more often more or less effected by LA?

A

more, easier to bind

24
Q

adverse affects of LA

A

cns effects ( tremor, restlessness, convulsions), cardiac effects ( decreased automaticity, myocardial depression), vascular effects (arteriolar relaxation)

25
Q

risk of hypersensitivity reactions with what type of LA? and why?

A

ester because of PABA

26
Q

LA injected into CSF in the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal?

A

spinal block. risk of transient neurological syndrome

27
Q

LA injected outside dura? between dura and periosteal lining of spinal canal

A

epidural block. slower and lower than spinal block

28
Q

an epidural block in which needle inserted the lowest into caudal block

A

caudal block

pharm exam 2 (7 decks)

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