lecture 12 Flashcards
opioids, ethanol, barbiturates, and BZD all work in what part of the brain?
ventral tegmental area
amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, cannabis, and phencyclidine all work in what part of brain
nucleus acumbens
DA releasee in NA promotes what
desire and pleasure
VTA involved in what
rewarding motivation of addictive drugs
psychostimulants work at the level of what? and targets what?
presynaptic. DAT and VMAt
endorphins bind to which receptor?
mu
enkephalins bind to which receptor?
delta
opiates bind to what?
gaba
nicotine binds to what?
opiod peptide to increase release and DA to increase release
cannabinoids do what and bind where?
inhibit gaba in VTA
what drug is released from postsynaptic and goes back into pre synaptic which then goes to C1?
cannabinoids
alcohol does what and acts where?
on opioid peptide to increase opioids release to inhibit gaba. works at Da in VTA and at post synaptic area to increase dopmaine
progression of drug dependence goes from _______ to ________ reinforcement.
positive to negative
the negative effect state characterized by presence of what motivational signs?
chronic irritability, emotional pain, malaise, and dysphoria.
withdrawal state is a __________ process from __________ dependence
dissociable, somatic/physical
what is allostatic change?
change graph getting lower and lower with each high, making getting drug more about decreases bad feeling
positive reinforcement regulated by what part of the brain?
VTA and NA
negative reinforcement regulated by what part of the brain?
amygdala and brain stem
what percent of dental professionals is thought to be dependent on something?
12%
how does nitrous oxide work?
by releasing opiates
nitrous oxide can cause what?
myeloneuropathy likely due to fit b12 deficiency
