Lecture 7 Flashcards
Which region of the tongue is the boundary between the body of the tongue and the root of the tongue?
The sulcus terminalis
What is the general shape of the sulcus terminalis?
V shape
What is located at the apex of the v-shaped sulcus terminalis?
Foramen cecum
What proportion of the tongue is the body of the tongue? The root?
2/3 body; 1/3 root of tongue
T/F Extrinsic muscles of the tongue have at least one attachment outside the tongue.
True
Which tongue muscles are extrinsic?
Mylohyoid, palatoglossus, hyloglossus, styloglossus, and genioglossus
Mnemonic: My Professor Has Stylish Glasses
Muscles entirely within the tongue are called what?
Intrinsic muscles
Intrinsic muscles can be described by what orientational terms?
Longitudinal, vertical, and transverse
What cranial nerve provides motor control of the tongue
Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)
What are the three mucosal papillae found of the tongue?
Vallate, fungiform, and filiform
Are the papillae of the tongue the taste buds?
No, but the papillae may contain taste buds
The ventral surface of the tongue is covered with what kind of lining mucosa? The dorsal surface is covered with what kind of specialized mucosa?
Non-keratinized SSE. Regionally-keratinized SSE
Which surface of the tongue contains papillae, taste buds, and glands?
The dorsal surface
Of the four tongue papillae, which one does not have taste buds?
Filiform papillae
The circumvallate (vallate) papillae generally have how many domed papillae?
7-12 papillae
Where are foliate papillae found?
On the lateral edge of tongue
Which tongue papillae are the smallest and most numerous?
Filiform
Which papillae are conical shaped and highly keratinized?
Filiform (the ones that are like barbs on tongues large cats)
Is geographic tongue a permanent condition?
No it is transient and may persist more than a month
Which vitamin deficiency may be involved in the condition of geographic tongue?
Vitamin B
Are smokers more or less likely to have geographic tongue?
Less likely
Does the hairy tongue condition actually have hair?
No they are extremely long filiform papillae
Which papillae are involved in the formation of hairy tongue?
Filiform papillae accumulate and elongate into hair like strands
What treatment is available for the hairy tongue condition?
Good oral hygiene, brushing of the tongue, and sometimes trimming the elongated filiform papillae
Which serous glands surround the circumvallate papillae and clear the cleft around the papillae?
von Ebner’s glands
Which papillae have parallel wrinkles on side of tongue?
Foliate
Do foliate papillae usually have keratinization?
No
Where do fungiform papillae contain taste buds?
Foliate papillae?
Circumvallate?
On the dorsal (top) surface.
Both foliate and circumvallate papillae contain taste buds on the lateral (side) epithelium.
Which papillae usually surround fungiform papillae?
Filiform
The fungiform papillae are white/pale post-mortem, however, they appear red in-vivo. Why is this?
Fungiform papillae have s highly vascularized CT core that projects very high up into the epithelium
What direction do the highly keratinized filiform papillae point?
Towards the back of the tongue
What are taste pores surrounded by at the surface epithelium?
Flattened keratinocytes
What do taste pores have in their centers?
Skinny columnar taste cells
What do taste cells have at their tips?
Sensory microvilli
The sensory microvilli of taste cells are also called _____ cells, even though they are not made of _____
Hair; hair
Which nerves directly innervate the sensory cells of the taste buds?
VII, IX, and X
How long do taste cells live? Where do they go after they die?
Weeks. They fall out of the taste pores
Which cells replace the exfoliating taste cells?
Basal cells that are stem cells that replace the columnar cells
What would happen if all taste cells are exfoliated at the same time?
One would lose the sense of taste
What are the five taste categories?
Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, and Umami
Which tastes are transduced via channels? Which via receptors?
Salts and Acids are via channels
Bitter, Umami, and Sweet via receptors
Mnemonic:
South American car
Red BUS
In addition to tongue papillae, where are taste buds also located?
Glossopalatine arch, soft palate, epiglottis, and the posterior wall of the pharynx
Taste buds on the body of the tongue are innervated by which cranial nerve?
VII
The root of the tongue including the taste buds of the circumvallate papillae are innervated by what cranial nerves?
IX, X
T/F The lamina propria of the tongue contains both serous and mucous glands?
True
What is the purpose of lingual tonsils?
To provide immunologic protection at the entrance of the digestive tract
