Lecture 7 Flashcards

Question

exposure to actual or threatened death, serous injury or sexual violence in on or more of the following ways:

Answer 1

directly experiencing the traumatic event witnessing the event as it occurs to someone else, in person learning that a traumatic event occurred tp a close family member or close friend experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to adverse details of the traumatic event

Answer 2

recurrent, involuntary and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or affect of the dream are related to the traumatic event dissociative reactions in which the individual feels or acts as if the traumatic events were recurring

Answer 3

avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event avoidance of or efforts to avoid external reminders that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely related with the traumatic event

Answer 4

inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about ones sled, other or the world persistent, distorted cognition about the cause or consequences of the traumatic event that lead the individual to blame themself or others persistent negative emotional state markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities feelings of detachment or estrangement from others persistent inability to experience positive emotion

Answer 5

irritable behaviour and angry outbursts typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression towards people or objects reckless or self-destructive behaviour hyper-vigilance exaggerated startle response problems with concentration sleep disturbance

Answer 6

duration of the disturbance is more than a month the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning the disturbance os not attributable to the physiological effects of substance or another medical condition

Answer 7

should come second to trauma based therapy

Answer 8

SSRIs increase serotonin levels by blocking the reuptake of serotonin into nerve cells

Answer 9

SNRIs increase both serotonin and norepinephrine levels by blocking the reuptake of both neurotransmitters

Answer 10

the use of antidepressants can be helpful to reduce the depression that occurs alongside PTSD the use of anti-anxiety meds can reduce the symptoms of hyper arousal in some cases, individuals with PTSD may have underlying mental health issues which may need to be addressed

Answer 11

potential side effects such as nausea, insomnia, sweating, change in appetite may only work while patient takes medication therefore may not be effective in the long term

Answer 12

Rauch and Foa 2006 traumatic events lead to associations developing among objectively safe reminders of the event, meaning and reposes changing these associations that lead to unhealthy functioning is the core of emotional processing

Answer 13

Benight and Bandura 2004 incorporating the experience of trauma into existing beliefs leads to unhelpful understandings of their experiences and perceptions of control of the self or the environment

Answer 14

CBT focuses on the connection between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and how changing one can improve the others. For PTSD, CBT uses psychological techniques to help people come to terms with a traumatic event

Answer 15

based on systematic desensitisation build a hierarchy of imagined images of events visual flooding teaching counter measures such as relaxation exposure therapy extinguish fear by changing the meaning of the event

Answer 16

meta analysis of studies published between 1980 and 2003 looking at psychotherapy as a treatment for PTSD results suggested that psychotherapy leads to a large initial improvement from the baseline

Answer 17

exposure therapy is as effective ad CBT CBT is effective but the internet based versions need more evidence CBT is effective as an early intervention effective as a treatment following certain types of trauma such as a motor vehicle accident

Answer 18

Shapiro 1995 all humans possess an information processing system that processes experiences and stores these as memories in a way that are easily accessible and linked to a network of accompanying images, sensations, emotions and beliefs

Answer 19

the idea behind EMDR is that PTSD symptoms are really a matter of incomplete processed experiences, and your brain is designed to take your everyday experiences and sort them out, store them as useful parts and get rid of those that you don't need. thinking about trauma while following therapists finger with eyes talk about negative thoughts replace them with positive thoughts with eye exercises resolve incomplete processing of events

Answer 20

immediate support within 72 hours visit the site of the event prevent PTSD occurring