Lecture 4

Question 1

diagnosis

Answer 1

DSM - 5
ICD - 10

Question 2

classification

Answer 2

a system that divides into categories on a basis of characteristics or features
psychological disorders may be categorised into symptoms for example

Question 3

Kraepelin

Answer 3

one of the first to use classification systems that uses symptoms to classify disorders

Question 4

ICD

Answer 4

official world classification
intended for use by all health practitioners
special attention given to primary care and low and middle income countries
major focus on clinical utility with reduction of number of diagnosis
provides diagnostic description and guidance by
but does not employ operational criteria

Question 5

DSM

Answer 5

US classification
used primarily by psychiatrists
focused mainly on secondary psychiatry care in high-income countries
tends to increase the number if diagnosis with each succeeding revision
diagnostic systems depend on operational criteria using polythetic systems for most conditions

Question 6

inter rater reliability

Answer 6

two independent researches will arrive at the same diagnosis

Question 7

DSM multi axial system

Answer 7

5 dimensions
involves biological, psychological and social factors
enables a person-centred approach - Carl Rodgers
helps plan treatment
helps predict outcome

Question 8

axes

Answer 8

1. clinical disorders
2. underlying pervasive/personality conditions
3. acute medical conditions
4. psychosocial and environmental factors
5. global assessment of functioning

Question 9

why do we classify?

Answer 9

name/group
science
shared language
homogeneity
aid research
develop causation theories
treatment

Question 10

DSM 5

Answer 10

a classification system used to determine how and when symptoms presented combine to suggest the presence of a specific mental disorder
provides a specific criteria for diagnosing psychological disorders

Question 11

circular argument

Answer 11

without bodily signs to confirm the presence of these illnesses diagnoses is not an explanation

why does this person have delusions?
because they have schizophrenia?
how do we know they have schizophrenia?m
because they have delusions?

Question 12

validity

Answer 12

the extent t which the classification system is measuring what it claims to measure

Question 13

reliability

Answer 13

varies between disorders
poor across clinical settings
nature of diagnosis is important

Question 14

cross cultural differences

Answer 14

most classification systems are based on the western view of what is ‘abnormal’

Question 15

gender bias

Answer 15

male based assumption influenced what is included in DSM
Ford and Widger - men are more likely diagnosed with ASPD and women diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder for the same profile labels