Lecture 2 Flashcards
Supernatural explanations
mental illness was due to evil sprints taking control of the body
Trephining
How medical men would treat headaches
A hole through the skull to release the evil spirits
What did Trephining lead to?
Observations in changes in behaviour and it formed the idea the brain houses specific mental functions
Evidence of Trephining
early skull evidence, and these show that the cranial would grow back indicating patients lived long lives
Egyptian Papyri
the first detailed descriptions of treatments
the first time the brain was described, and noted as the site of mental functions
Indian scripter - Ramanau
underlined symptoms of anxiety and depression before the terms were coined
Demonology
the mentally ill were possessed by evil spirits
Treatment process
Ying and yang
physical and mental health is balanced
Hippocrates
Known as the father of medicine and led to the Hippocratic oath that doctors take
likened mental illness to physical disease
Plato
Importance of individual differences, sociocultural influences - differences in the individuals environment
the mentally ill aren’t responsible for their own actions
stressed the influence of community and family care
Artistotle
Consciousness is behind our behaviour
Linked physical and mental health
Hippocrates caused a shift
towards more scientific and medical explanations
mental disorders were defined into 3 categories -which we still do today on a much larger scale
3 categories
melancholia
mania
phrenitis
Galen
4 elements of the material world
4 humors of the body - blood, phlegm, bile and black bile
4 humors were linked to certain behaviours
Black bile - melancholic - thoughtful, creative, seeks perfection
Blood - sanguine - confident, arrogant, impulsive
Phlegm - phlegmatic - calm, shy, lazy
Bile - choleric - bad tempered, ambient, energetic
How did the Greek believe mental illness was treated?
music and dance
How did the Chinese believe mental illness was treated
acupuncture
Galen
separated mental and physical health
lead to the biological explanation
the first to write the brain was the cause of psychological disorders
Medical times
people went backwards and began to believe mentally ill were working with the devil or possessed by evil spirts
treatment was beating out the devil
Mass madness
Mania and Hysteria in women was linked with witchcraft and working with the devil
led to mass persecution
Paracelsus
madness was a disease
believed in the astral influences of behaviour
Weyer
madness has a medical cure, not the responsibility of the church
founder of modern psychopathology
Early Asylums
aimed to remove troubled people from society
treatments were harsh such as chaining patients, beatings and cold dunking
Reform Movement - Pinel
Unchain the mentally ill and treat them with kindness
organic cause to insanity
A humanitarian movement that focused on patients social, individual and occupational needs
