Lecture 2

Question 1

Supernatural explanations

Answer 1

mental illness was due to evil sprints taking control of the body

Question 2

Trephining

Answer 2

How medical men would treat headaches
A hole through the skull to release the evil spirits

Question 3

What did Trephining lead to?

Answer 3

Observations in changes in behaviour and it formed the idea the brain houses specific mental functions

Question 4

Evidence of Trephining

Answer 4

early skull evidence, and these show that the cranial would grow back indicating patients lived long lives

Question 5

Egyptian Papyri

Answer 5

the first detailed descriptions of treatments
the first time the brain was described, and noted as the site of mental functions

Question 6

Indian scripter - Ramanau

Answer 6

underlined symptoms of anxiety and depression before the terms were coined

Question 7

Demonology

Answer 7

the mentally ill were possessed by evil spirits

Question 8

Treatment process

Answer 8

Ying and yang
physical and mental health is balanced

Question 9

Hippocrates

Answer 9

Known as the father of medicine and led to the Hippocratic oath that doctors take
likened mental illness to physical disease

Question 10

Plato

Answer 10

Importance of individual differences, sociocultural influences - differences in the individuals environment
the mentally ill aren’t responsible for their own actions
stressed the influence of community and family care

Question 11

Artistotle

Answer 11

Consciousness is behind our behaviour
Linked physical and mental health

Question 12

Hippocrates caused a shift

Answer 12

towards more scientific and medical explanations
mental disorders were defined into 3 categories -which we still do today on a much larger scale

Question 13

3 categories

Answer 13

melancholia
mania
phrenitis

Question 14

Galen

Answer 14

4 elements of the material world
4 humors of the body - blood, phlegm, bile and black bile

Question 15

4 humors were linked to certain behaviours

Answer 15

Black bile - melancholic - thoughtful, creative, seeks perfection
Blood - sanguine - confident, arrogant, impulsive
Phlegm - phlegmatic - calm, shy, lazy
Bile - choleric - bad tempered, ambient, energetic

Question 16

How did the Greek believe mental illness was treated?

Answer 16

music and dance

Question 17

How did the Chinese believe mental illness was treated

Answer 17

acupuncture

Question 18

Galen

Answer 18

separated mental and physical health
lead to the biological explanation
the first to write the brain was the cause of psychological disorders

Question 19

Medical times

Answer 19

people went backwards and began to believe mentally ill were working with the devil or possessed by evil spirts
treatment was beating out the devil

Question 20

Mass madness

Answer 20

Mania and Hysteria in women was linked with witchcraft and working with the devil
led to mass persecution

Question 21

Paracelsus

Answer 21

madness was a disease
believed in the astral influences of behaviour

Question 22

Weyer

Answer 22

madness has a medical cure, not the responsibility of the church
founder of modern psychopathology

Question 23

Early Asylums

Answer 23

aimed to remove troubled people from society
treatments were harsh such as chaining patients, beatings and cold dunking

Question 24

Reform Movement - Pinel

Answer 24

Unchain the mentally ill and treat them with kindness
organic cause to insanity
A humanitarian movement that focused on patients social, individual and occupational needs

Question 25

Dix

Answer 25

influenced by the European reform movement
campaigned for the humane treatment of the insane in hospitals
Mental Hygiene movement

Question 26

Rush

Answer 26

founder of psychiatry
believed in an organic cause - brain swelling

Question 27

Cade

Answer 27

Psychopharmacology took off when Cade introduced the psyotropic drug Lithium and it led to a series of anti-psychotic drugs, such as Chlorpromazine to relieve symptoms

Question 28

A problem with the development of drug treatment

Answer 28

This development led to thousands of mentally ill patients being discharged but it led to many individuals avoiding directly confronting their mental health issues, such as using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy