lecture 7 Flashcards
Age 10- first crush or attraction
Age 12-14 -first kiss
Age 15-16 first genital fondling
Age 16-19 first intercourse
Timeline above Similar to sexual script for a sexual encounter
Different Data sources from reported sexual data
Retrospective surveys with adults
~Comes from surveys from adults recalling their experience
~Don’t know how accurate people memory are
Kinsey interviews
Talking computer interviews
~Children tend to report more data when reporting to computer than person
Surveys with adolescents
~Canadian youth, sexual health, and IV/AIDS study
~Bibby (2001,2009)
Factors influencing psychosexual development:
Parental socialization
Expectations
Do parents view sex a positive or negative thing
Reactions
Parents reaction to sexual things such as media portrayed sex
Communication
Is sex talked about? Do parents initiate sex talk?
Factors influencing psychosexual development:
Social learning (modeling)
How sex is portrayed in media
Sexual experiences
Developmentally appropriate
Abusive
Cultural factors
Cultures have different views on sexual things
Infancy and preschool Years (0-4 years)
Sexual response
Freud was first to express infants have sexual urges
Little infants with penis can get erections
Vaginal lubrication in infants in first 24 hours after birth
Attachment
Infant-parent bond important for later sexual relationships
Early in life attachment is similar to attachment style later in life
Self stimulation
12-16 months of age, infants will discover their genitals
15-19 months will touch genitals more due to curiosity
Orgasm are possible at this age
infancy and prschool (0-4)
By age 4-5
Child-child encounters
Children will play games with each other and show each other their genitals
Behavior is not sexually motivated
Knowledge starts to increase around this age
By age 5, they understand marriage
Age 5-6, they start thinking about biological sex from genitals
Sexuality during childhood (5-11 years)
adrenarche
Maturation of adrenal glands->start to produce androgens around 8-10
This may be why people get their first crush around 10
childhood (5-11): mastrubation
By age 12
To orgasm boys: 42%, girls:20%
Not to orgasm: boys:27%, girls: 18%
Boys start to masturbate earlier than girls. Why?
Boys have external genitalia, girls have internal genitals
Boys talk about masturbating more than girls, which is how they learn to masturbate from their peers
Girls learn about masturbation on their own accidentally through cleaning, touching, which is why the rate of masturbation increases gradually for girls
By age 14:
Boys 62.6%
Girls: 43.4%
By age 17:
boys:80%
girl:58%
Mixed-sex sexual play (boys and girls play together) during childhood (5-11):
Children will learn about intercourse around age 12
Between age 6-12: 80% of kids have had consented sexual activities
Ie: kissing, showing genitals
Same-sex sex play:
Debra Haffner: from diapers to dating..
Takeaway: be “aksable”- talk to children about sexuality instead of waiting for them to talk to you
Children who have good sex education have better sexual health in future and are more responsible in the future
Sexualization occurs when:
A person’s value comes from sexual appeal or behavior
A person is held to a standard in which physical attraction=being sexy
A person is sexually objectified
Sexuality is inappropriately imposed on another person
examples of sexualization
Boys:TV, games, movies that promote masculinity, physical power, sex for men involves aggressive domination or beautiful women for pleasure of men
Girls: sexual objectification, weight, appearance
Beauty pageants
Sexuality during adolescence(12-18 years)
Huge surge of sexual Interest during puberty and it continues:
Biological factors: increase in testosterone for all genders
Social factors: cognitive and developmental; awareness of gender roles, awareness of sexual scripts, social media portrayals
Same-sex sexual behavior becomes more common
masturbation (12-18) adolescence
According to kinsey data, there’s sharp increase in masturbation from 13-15
Increase after puberty
Sharp increase for boys
Gradual increase for girls
Attitudes toward masturbation (12-18)
Attitudes tend to be more positive currently
Doesn’t mean they’re always pos, in media they’re depicted more neg than pos
Attitudes
Adolescents are more accepting now about same-sex
But.. theres more bullying for same sex behavior
Lots of fluidity and exploration
Mixed sex sexual behavior
Attitudes: have become more accepting
Behavior:there is not a huge increase in sexual behavior since 1980’s
But.. Age of first intercourse is going down since 1960’s
Number of kids having sex early is going down Bc of sex education
Immigrants have sex at later ages than people born in Canada
40% of immigrant men engage in sexual activity, 60% of canadian men have engaged in sexual activity by age 16
Extent to which you’re acculturated to a culture impacts rate of sexual behavior
which province has sex at youngest age
quebec
provinces differ in their ages of first having sex
Motives for engaging in intercourse
Love and affection (expressed more by girls)
Curiosity and experimentation (expressed more by boys)
Other reasons:
Increased intimacy
Sexual pleasure
Increased social status
Motives for not engaging in intercourse
Not ready
Not having right opportunity
Not meeting right person
Wanting to be a virgin at marriage
First intercourse
60% with serious partner (most with serious partner)
20% with casual partner
16% with friend
More rated as positive experience
Tsuit and Nicolades:
½ emotional satisfaction after first intercourse
40% rated as good or excellent for first intercourse
Predictors of satisfaction at first intercourse
Intentional (not spontaneous)
People less committed to gender roles
More positive body image
Losing virginity (Carpenter) different perspectives
Gift:
Virginity is special and should be saved and gifted to a special someone
Stigma:
Its shameful to be a virgin
More shameful as age increases
Process:
Virginity and loss is a step of growing up
People with gift and process outlook tend to plan more, process outlook has most realistic outlook
Sexuality during adolescence(12-18)
Too early sex=15 or younger
~Associated with risks
~~Less likely to use condom
~~More likely to have sex with more than one partner
~~Higher risk of teen pregnancy
~~Higher risk of STIs
Rate of too early sex has gone down
Predictors of too early sex:
Living in single parent home
Having more depressive symptoms
Antisocial behavior
Parent child conflict
Having more other sex friends
Having friends who use alcohol and drugs
Lower academic achievement
Pros
Adolescent romantic relationships:
Learn skills and scripts needed to maintain long term relationship
Develop future goals
Explore identity
Develop future goals
Lear communication
Learn to enhance intimacy
Cons
adolescent romantic relationships
Some are low quality with high conflict, controlling behavior
Emotional experience can include, anxiety, jealousy, depression
Cyberstalking and stalking behaviors
Harassment for LGBTQ youth
Extradyadic sexual activity: cheating on partners (fairly common in adolescent)
Adolescent pregnancy rates
2.8% of teen girls in 2010, 2.5% in 2019 (going down)
Lower than US, but higher than Europe
Highest rates of STI are among adolescents
Inconsistent condom and contraceptive use
Increasing likelihood of adolescent condom use:
Motivation: support for condom use
Skill: confidence in putting on condoms
Preventing teen pregnancy
Access to info about contraceptives
Greater societal acceptance of sexual activity among young people
OSA(online sexual activity)/sexting/social media(very common)
Sexting
Sexual messages or images via cellphone
~39% if teens have sexted
~15-20% teens posted/sent nude or semi-nude pictures
~30% received nude or semi-nude pics
Criminal code of canada
Nude photos of under age 18 is child pornography
But they created Intimate photo rule stating: if the image is kept private and intimate is is not child pornography if everyone is under 18
Then in 2018, it became illegal to circulate any nude photo of someone of any age
Sexuality among lgbtq adolescent
Begin to process social implications of sexual orientation/identity
Behaviors vs. identity/orientation
Bullying
Higher for LGBTQ
Emerging Adulthood
Ages 19-24=emerging adulthood/late adolescence
mastrubation= 98% if men, 80% of women masturbate
Continues to increase
intercourse=85% by age 24
Most in context of romantic relationships not marriage
Oral sex is increasing
Hookups in emerging adulthood
Hookups: Any sexual behavior is a uncommitted context
Between 60-80% of young adults college students have had some sort of hookup experience
Some people think hookups are a gateway to romantic relationship (65% women, 45% men)
Hoping the hookup turn into romantic relationship
Downsides
78% coerced sex occurs in hookups
Orgasm gap tends to be prominent (women orgasm less)
Hookups occur bc alcohol use(31% people regret it due to subst
