lecture 7

Answer 1

Age 10- first crush or attraction
Age 12-14 -first kiss
Age 15-16 first genital fondling
Age 16-19 first intercourse
Timeline above Similar to sexual script for a sexual encounter

Question 2

Different Data sources from reported sexual data

Answer 2

Retrospective surveys with adults
~Comes from surveys from adults recalling their experience
~Don’t know how accurate people memory are

Kinsey interviews

Talking computer interviews
~Children tend to report more data when reporting to computer than person

Question 3

Surveys with adolescents

Answer 3

~Canadian youth, sexual health, and IV/AIDS study
~Bibby (2001,2009)

Question 4

Factors influencing psychosexual development:
Parental socialization

Answer 4

Expectations
Do parents view sex a positive or negative thing

Reactions
Parents reaction to sexual things such as media portrayed sex

Communication
Is sex talked about? Do parents initiate sex talk?

Question 5

Factors influencing psychosexual development:

Answer 5

Social learning (modeling)
How sex is portrayed in media

Sexual experiences
Developmentally appropriate
Abusive

Cultural factors
Cultures have different views on sexual things

Question 6

Infancy and preschool Years (0-4 years)

Answer 6

Sexual response
Freud was first to express infants have sexual urges
Little infants with penis can get erections
Vaginal lubrication in infants in first 24 hours after birth

Attachment
Infant-parent bond important for later sexual relationships
Early in life attachment is similar to attachment style later in life

Self stimulation
12-16 months of age, infants will discover their genitals
15-19 months will touch genitals more due to curiosity
Orgasm are possible at this age

Question 7

infancy and prschool (0-4)

Answer 7

By age 4-5

Child-child encounters
Children will play games with each other and show each other their genitals
Behavior is not sexually motivated

Knowledge starts to increase around this age
By age 5, they understand marriage
Age 5-6, they start thinking about biological sex from genitals

Question 8

Sexuality during childhood (5-11 years)
adrenarche

Answer 8

Maturation of adrenal glands->start to produce androgens around 8-10
This may be why people get their first crush around 10

Question 9

childhood (5-11): mastrubation

Answer 9

By age 12
To orgasm boys: 42%, girls:20%
Not to orgasm: boys:27%, girls: 18%
Boys start to masturbate earlier than girls. Why?
Boys have external genitalia, girls have internal genitals
Boys talk about masturbating more than girls, which is how they learn to masturbate from their peers

Girls learn about masturbation on their own accidentally through cleaning, touching, which is why the rate of masturbation increases gradually for girls
By age 14:
Boys 62.6%
Girls: 43.4%

By age 17:
boys:80%
girl:58%

Question 10

Mixed-sex sexual play (boys and girls play together) during childhood (5-11):

Answer 10

Children will learn about intercourse around age 12
Between age 6-12: 80% of kids have had consented sexual activities
Ie: kissing, showing genitals

Same-sex sex play:

Question 11

Debra Haffner: from diapers to dating..

Answer 11

Takeaway: be “aksable”- talk to children about sexuality instead of waiting for them to talk to you

Children who have good sex education have better sexual health in future and are more responsible in the future

Question 12

Sexualization occurs when:

Answer 12

A person’s value comes from sexual appeal or behavior
A person is held to a standard in which physical attraction=being sexy
A person is sexually objectified
Sexuality is inappropriately imposed on another person

Question 13

examples of sexualization

Answer 13

Boys:TV, games, movies that promote masculinity, physical power, sex for men involves aggressive domination or beautiful women for pleasure of men

Girls: sexual objectification, weight, appearance
Beauty pageants

Question 14

Sexuality during adolescence(12-18 years)

Answer 14

Huge surge of sexual Interest during puberty and it continues:
Biological factors: increase in testosterone for all genders
Social factors: cognitive and developmental; awareness of gender roles, awareness of sexual scripts, social media portrayals

Same-sex sexual behavior becomes more common

Question 15

masturbation (12-18) adolescence

Answer 15

According to kinsey data, there’s sharp increase in masturbation from 13-15
Increase after puberty
Sharp increase for boys
Gradual increase for girls

Question 16

Attitudes toward masturbation (12-18)

Answer 16

Attitudes tend to be more positive currently
Doesn’t mean they’re always pos, in media they’re depicted more neg than pos

Question 17

Attitudes

Answer 17

Adolescents are more accepting now about same-sex
But.. theres more bullying for same sex behavior
Lots of fluidity and exploration

Question 18

Mixed sex sexual behavior

Answer 18

Attitudes: have become more accepting

Behavior:there is not a huge increase in sexual behavior since 1980’s
But.. Age of first intercourse is going down since 1960’s

Number of kids having sex early is going down Bc of sex education

Question 19

Immigrants have sex at later ages than people born in Canada

Answer 19

40% of immigrant men engage in sexual activity, 60% of canadian men have engaged in sexual activity by age 16
Extent to which you’re acculturated to a culture impacts rate of sexual behavior

Question 20

which province has sex at youngest age

Answer 20

quebec

provinces differ in their ages of first having sex

Question 21

Motives for engaging in intercourse

Answer 21

Love and affection (expressed more by girls)
Curiosity and experimentation (expressed more by boys)

Other reasons:
Increased intimacy
Sexual pleasure
Increased social status

Question 22

Motives for not engaging in intercourse

Answer 22

Not ready
Not having right opportunity
Not meeting right person
Wanting to be a virgin at marriage

Question 23

First intercourse

Answer 23

60% with serious partner (most with serious partner)
20% with casual partner
16% with friend
More rated as positive experience

Tsuit and Nicolades:
½ emotional satisfaction after first intercourse
40% rated as good or excellent for first intercourse

Question 24

Predictors of satisfaction at first intercourse

Answer 24

Intentional (not spontaneous)
People less committed to gender roles
More positive body image

Question 25

Losing virginity (Carpenter) different perspectives

Answer 25

Gift:
Virginity is special and should be saved and gifted to a special someone

Stigma:
Its shameful to be a virgin
More shameful as age increases

Process:
Virginity and loss is a step of growing up
People with gift and process outlook tend to plan more, process outlook has most realistic outlook

Question 26

Sexuality during adolescence(12-18)

Answer 26

Too early sex=15 or younger
~Associated with risks
~~Less likely to use condom
~~More likely to have sex with more than one partner
~~Higher risk of teen pregnancy
~~Higher risk of STIs
Rate of too early sex has gone down

Question 27

Predictors of too early sex:

Answer 27

Living in single parent home
Having more depressive symptoms
Antisocial behavior
Parent child conflict
Having more other sex friends
Having friends who use alcohol and drugs
Lower academic achievement

Question 28

Pros
Adolescent romantic relationships:

Answer 28

Learn skills and scripts needed to maintain long term relationship
Develop future goals
Explore identity
Develop future goals
Lear communication
Learn to enhance intimacy

Question 29

Cons
adolescent romantic relationships

Answer 29

Some are low quality with high conflict, controlling behavior
Emotional experience can include, anxiety, jealousy, depression
Cyberstalking and stalking behaviors
Harassment for LGBTQ youth
Extradyadic sexual activity: cheating on partners (fairly common in adolescent)

Question 30

Adolescent pregnancy rates

Answer 30

2.8% of teen girls in 2010, 2.5% in 2019 (going down)

Lower than US, but higher than Europe

Question 31

Highest rates of STI are among adolescents

Answer 31

Inconsistent condom and contraceptive use

Question 32

Increasing likelihood of adolescent condom use:

Answer 32

Motivation: support for condom use
Skill: confidence in putting on condoms

Question 33

Preventing teen pregnancy

Answer 33

Access to info about contraceptives
Greater societal acceptance of sexual activity among young people

Question 34

OSA(online sexual activity)/sexting/social media(very common)

Sexting

Answer 34

Sexual messages or images via cellphone
~39% if teens have sexted
~15-20% teens posted/sent nude or semi-nude pictures
~30% received nude or semi-nude pics

Question 35

Criminal code of canada

Answer 35

Nude photos of under age 18 is child pornography

But they created Intimate photo rule stating: if the image is kept private and intimate is is not child pornography if everyone is under 18

Then in 2018, it became illegal to circulate any nude photo of someone of any age

Question 36

Sexuality among lgbtq adolescent

Answer 36

Begin to process social implications of sexual orientation/identity
Behaviors vs. identity/orientation
Bullying
Higher for LGBTQ

Question 37

Emerging Adulthood

Answer 37

Ages 19-24=emerging adulthood/late adolescence

mastrubation= 98% if men, 80% of women masturbate

Continues to increase

intercourse=85% by age 24

Most in context of romantic relationships not marriage

Oral sex is increasing

Question 38

Hookups in emerging adulthood

Answer 38

Hookups: Any sexual behavior is a uncommitted context

Between 60-80% of young adults college students have had some sort of hookup experience

Some people think hookups are a gateway to romantic relationship (65% women, 45% men)

Hoping the hookup turn into romantic relationship

Downsides
78% coerced sex occurs in hookups
Orgasm gap tends to be prominent (women orgasm less)
Hookups occur bc alcohol use(31% people regret it due to subst