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ZOO 2090 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration (Gas Exchange main functions (4))

A
  1. Requires surfaces between the environment and respiratory organs
  2. Transport of gases in blood to capillaries
  3. Exchange surface between capillaries and tissues
  4. Respiratory and circulatory systems work together
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2
Q

What is Gas Exchange?

A

Follows physical rules of diffusion of air

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3
Q

What does Gas Exchange (Diffusion) Need:

A
  1. Large surface area between environment (water or air) and blood
  2. Thin and moist barrier
  3. Effective ventilation (gradient)
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4
Q

Fish Gills - Basic Structure

A

Gill arches composed of gill rakers on the pharyngeal edge with gill filaments on the distal edge

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5
Q

What are Gill Rakers?

A

Debris filters

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6
Q

What are Gill Filaments responsible for?

A

Involved in respiration

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7
Q

Are Gill Filaments Primary or Secondary Lamellae?

A

Primary Lamellae

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8
Q

What are secondary Lamellae?

A

Further increase surface area on gill filaments

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9
Q

Evolution of Internal Gills (Pouched Gills)

A
  1. No gill covering
  2. Adults sea lamprey feed by latching onto prey for a blood meal (cannot draw water through mouth at the same time
  3. Tidal ventilation
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10
Q

What is Tidal Ventilation?

A

Of gill pouches through muscle compression and relaxation of brachial apparatus

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11
Q

Evolution of Internal Gills (Septal Gills)

A
  1. Dual Pump ventilation
  2. Water is pumped in through the mouth, around the gills, and out the sides
  3. Separated gill arches
    Holobranch vs. Hemibranch Gills
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12
Q

What is Dual Pump Ventilation?

A

Pushes water unidirectionally over the gills

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13
Q

The Gill Arches Separated by What?

A

Interbrachial septa

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14
Q

What are Spiracles Used for (Sharks)?

A

Sharks and other cartilaginous fishes use top-opening spiracles to ventilate gills while buried in the sand

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15
Q

Evolution of Internal Gills (Opercular Gills)

A
  1. Dual pump ventilation
  2. Water enters the mouth, pumped over the gills and out the external gill openings on the sides
  3. Gill arches protected by bony operculum
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16
Q

Dual Pump Ventilation Pushes Water:

A

Unidirectionally over the gills

17
Q

Gill Arches Protected by:

A

Bony Operculum

18
Q

Dual Pump Gill Ventilation Components and How They Function:

A

Buccal and opercular components act like a two-stroke pump with alternating cycles of negative and positive pressures

19
Q

Swim Bladders and Lungs Develop From:

A

Outpocketing of pharynx (endoderm)

20
Q

Lungs in Boney Fishes:

A

Paired structures ventral to the gut

21
Q

Swim Bladders in Boney Fishes:

A

-Single elongated sac dorsal to the gut
- Used for buoyancy
- Sometimes also help with respiration and well as sound production and reception

22
Q

Methods for How Swim Bladders Get Filled?

A
  • Physostomous
  • Physoclistous
23
Q

What is the Physostomous Method of Filling the Swim Bladder:

A
  • Filled by gulping air into the digestive tract
  • May also serve as a respiratory gas bladder
24
Q

What is the Physoclistous Method of Filling the Swim Bladder:

A

Filled by gas gland, emptied at the oval window

25
Q

Fish Circulation: Basic Structure

A
  1. 4-chambered heart in a straight line
  2. Single-circuit system
26
Q

Fish Circulation: 4 Chambered Heart (Different Chambers)

A
  • 2 ‘true’ chambers
  • 2 ‘accessory’ chambers
27
Q

4 Chambered Heart in a Straight Line: 2 ‘True’ Chambers Composition

A

Atrium, Ventricle

28
Q

4 Chambered Heart in a Straight Line: 2 ‘Accessory’ Chambers Composition

A

Sinus venosus, Conus (or Bulbus) Arteriosus

29
Q

Fish Circulation: Single-Circuit System

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood through the heart in one direction

30
Q

What is the Conus Artiosus (Sharks):

A

Is large, muscular and active as pumping organ

31
Q

Bulbus (instead of Conus) Arteriosus (Teleosts)

A
  • Bulbous is more highly elastic
  • Keeps consistent flow to arches despite pressure generated by beating heart
32
Q

Variation on Single-Circuit Pump Pattern (Lungfishes)

A
  • Partially divided atrium and ventricle (septa)
  • Division extends into the conus by spiral fold valve
  • Reduces the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

ZOO 2090 (3 decks)

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