Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZOO 2090 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration (Gas Exchange main functions (4))

A
  1. Requires surfaces between the environment and respiratory organs
  2. Transport of gases in blood to capillaries
  3. Exchange surface between capillaries and tissues
  4. Respiratory and circulatory systems work together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Gas Exchange?

A

Follows physical rules of diffusion of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Gas Exchange (Diffusion) Need:

A
  1. Large surface area between environment (water or air) and blood
  2. Thin and moist barrier
  3. Effective ventilation (gradient)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fish Gills - Basic Structure

A

Gill arches composed of gill rakers on the pharyngeal edge with gill filaments on the distal edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Gill Rakers?

A

Debris filters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Gill Filaments responsible for?

A

Involved in respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are Gill Filaments Primary or Secondary Lamellae?

A

Primary Lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are secondary Lamellae?

A

Further increase surface area on gill filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Evolution of Internal Gills (Pouched Gills)

A
  1. No gill covering
  2. Adults sea lamprey feed by latching onto prey for a blood meal (cannot draw water through mouth at the same time
  3. Tidal ventilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Tidal Ventilation?

A

Of gill pouches through muscle compression and relaxation of brachial apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Evolution of Internal Gills (Septal Gills)

A
  1. Dual Pump ventilation
  2. Water is pumped in through the mouth, around the gills, and out the sides
  3. Separated gill arches
    Holobranch vs. Hemibranch Gills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Dual Pump Ventilation?

A

Pushes water unidirectionally over the gills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Gill Arches Separated by What?

A

Interbrachial septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Spiracles Used for (Sharks)?

A

Sharks and other cartilaginous fishes use top-opening spiracles to ventilate gills while buried in the sand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Evolution of Internal Gills (Opercular Gills)

A
  1. Dual pump ventilation
  2. Water enters the mouth, pumped over the gills and out the external gill openings on the sides
  3. Gill arches protected by bony operculum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dual Pump Ventilation Pushes Water:

A

Unidirectionally over the gills

17
Q

Gill Arches Protected by:

A

Bony Operculum

18
Q

Dual Pump Gill Ventilation Components and How They Function:

A

Buccal and opercular components act like a two-stroke pump with alternating cycles of negative and positive pressures

19
Q

Swim Bladders and Lungs Develop From:

A

Outpocketing of pharynx (endoderm)

20
Q

Lungs in Boney Fishes:

A

Paired structures ventral to the gut

21
Q

Swim Bladders in Boney Fishes:

A

-Single elongated sac dorsal to the gut
- Used for buoyancy
- Sometimes also help with respiration and well as sound production and reception

22
Q

Methods for How Swim Bladders Get Filled?

A
  • Physostomous
  • Physoclistous
23
Q

What is the Physostomous Method of Filling the Swim Bladder:

A
  • Filled by gulping air into the digestive tract
  • May also serve as a respiratory gas bladder
24
Q

What is the Physoclistous Method of Filling the Swim Bladder:

A

Filled by gas gland, emptied at the oval window

25
Q

Fish Circulation: Basic Structure

A
  1. 4-chambered heart in a straight line
  2. Single-circuit system
26
Q

Fish Circulation: 4 Chambered Heart (Different Chambers)

A
  • 2 ‘true’ chambers
  • 2 ‘accessory’ chambers
27
Q

4 Chambered Heart in a Straight Line: 2 ‘True’ Chambers Composition

A

Atrium, Ventricle

28
Q

4 Chambered Heart in a Straight Line: 2 ‘Accessory’ Chambers Composition

A

Sinus venosus, Conus (or Bulbus) Arteriosus

29
Q

Fish Circulation: Single-Circuit System

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood through the heart in one direction

30
Q

What is the Conus Artiosus (Sharks):

A

Is large, muscular and active as pumping organ

31
Q

Bulbus (instead of Conus) Arteriosus (Teleosts)

A
  • Bulbous is more highly elastic
  • Keeps consistent flow to arches despite pressure generated by beating heart
32
Q

Variation on Single-Circuit Pump Pattern (Lungfishes)

A
  • Partially divided atrium and ventricle (septa)
  • Division extends into the conus by spiral fold valve
  • Reduces the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

ZOO 2090 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions