LECTURE 7 Flashcards

1
Q

8 Senses

A

Sight, Hearing, Taste, Touch, Smell, Movement, Balance, Interception

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2
Q

Interception

A

Sensation of knowing what is going on in the internal organs of our body

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3
Q

Variation in human sensory capacity is influenced by…

A

Genetics, Maturation, Circadian Rhythm, Experience, Fatigue, Injury

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4
Q

Categories of human sensory receptors

A

Chemoreceptors (chemicals), Mechanoreceptors (movement), Nociceptor (pain), Photoreceptor (light), Thermoreceptor (temperature), Phonoreceptor (sound)

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5
Q

STEP ONE OF SENSATION

A

Reception - ability of receptor to absorb energy of a stimulus

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6
Q

STEP TWO OF SENSATION

A

Transduction - conversion of stimulus energy into a membrane potential, a change in permeability of a post-synaptic membrane, transfers into a certain action potential.

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7
Q

STEP THREE OF SENSATION

A

Transmission - receptor potentials transmitted via AP’s to CNS

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8
Q

STEP FOUR OF SENSATION

A

Integration - CNS processing of frequency of receptor potentials

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9
Q

What is sensation coded as

A

Frequency of neurons firing

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10
Q

Accomodation of a stimulus occurs because…

A

A decrease in responsiveness by receptors due to continual stimulation

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11
Q

A uniformly maintained stimulus of constant intensity is pereived as what over time?

A

Progressively WEAKER over time (eg. when you put your clothes on in the morning you can feel them but this feeling dulls down throughout the day)

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12
Q

Variable intensity stimulus of shorter durations is perceived as what over time?

A

Perceived as progressively stronger over time

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13
Q

Sensation

A

Detecting the information

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14
Q

Perception

A

Understanding the information detected

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15
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A
  • Integration of sensory information
  • Provides meaning to our perceptions
  • Topographically organised (sensory map)
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16
Q

Lesions of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Defective localisation, Loss of proprioception, Tactile Agnosia

17
Q

Tactile Agnosia

A

Trouble identifying an object by touch alone

18
Q

Why cant we tickle ourselves

A

Brain anticipates touch and turns down the sensitivity threshold

19
Q

Three main types of receptors

A

Interoceptors, Proprioceptors, Exteroceptors

20
Q

Interoceptors

A

States of our internal organs

21
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Information about our own movements (Kinesthesis) - muscle receptors, joint receptors, cutaneous receptors, vestibular system

22
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Information about the movement of objects in the environment

23
Q

Proprioception

A

Sensation and perception of the position and movement of limbs, head and trunk

24
Q

What are spindles parallel to

A

Muscle Fibres

25
When do spindles fire
When the muscle is stretched
26
What are Type II spindles sensitive to
Length
27
What are Type Ia spindles sensitive to
Velocity
28
When do Golgi Tendon Organs fire
When the muscle contracts
29
Where are Golgi Tendon Organs found
Within tendons
30
What are joint receptors
Sensory endings in the joint that provide information of the joint angle
31
What are cutaneous receptors
Receptors in the skin
32
What do mechanoreceptors measure
Measure deformation of skin eg. information about tough, pressure, displacement
33
Surgical Deafferentiation
Afferent pathways surgically severed/removed
34
'Signals Balance' - proprioception
Information about the position and movement of head
35
'Location' - proprioception
Middle inner ear deep within the temporal bone
36
How are sensors triggered - proprioception
By linear and angular acceleration of the head