Lecture 7 Flashcards
The term __________ included all warfare/conflicts between Indigenous people and settler colonists from the 1788 First Fleet to the 20th century.
Frontier/Australia Wars
An estimated ________ of Indigenous people were killed (violence, illness, starvation in the Frontier/Australia Wars, whereas _________ colonists were killed.
1) 90%
2) 2,000-5,000
The Frontier/Australia wars were overlooked for a very long time are still not mentioned in ___________
Australian War Memorial
Australia’s __________ involvement includes the:
South African War (1899-1902)
Boxer Rebellion (1900-01) First World War (1914-18) Russian Civil War (1918-19)
Second World War (1939-45)
Korean War (1950-53)
Malayan Emergency (1950-60)
Indonesian Konfrontasi (1963-66)
Vietnam War (1962-73)
Gulf War (1990-91)
Afghanistan/Iraq (2001-21)
Syria (2015-20)
Military
In _______, Charles Hammond’s ‘Australians and New Zealanders at Klerksdorp’ occurred.
1904
In 1908, Prime Minister Alfred Deacon visited the US Navy’s _______________, ignoring protocol by directly inviting the Americans.
Great White Fleet
In ______, the Royal Australian Navy formed, as modeled by the UK Royal Navy.
1911
In _________, Duntroon Military College established in Canberra, incorporating an officer training academy modeled on UK’s Sandhurst and USA’s West Point
1911
In _________, all Australian boys over 12 to undergo 2 years of compulsory military training for the purpose of solely __________
1) 1911
2) Home Defense
In ___________, the _______________ established, becoming the first “Air Force: in the British Empire.
1) 1912
2) Australian Flying Corps
From 1910-1914, the ____________ Department expenditure tripled.
Defense
In ________, ________, Britain Declared war on Germany for WW1, and Australia followed in _______, ________.
1) August, 1914
2) April, 1915
______________ took part in landings at Gallipoli in Turkey and were depicted as skillful ‘warriors’
Australian and New Zealand forces (ANZACs)
Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett and C.E.W. Bean cemented the legend of____________ Anzacs in correspondence from front lines.
Heroic/Bush-Hardened
In WW1, ___________ resulted in 8,000 dead and 18,000 wounded.
Gallipoli
__________ resulted in 62,000 dead and 156,000 wounded.
WW1
On __________, ________ and _________, _________, the Hughes government conducted conscription plebiscites (national votes)
1) October, 1916
2) December, 1917
Over __________ Australians were against the 1916, 1917 Conscription Referendums.
50%
Australia post WW1 was often referred to as the ______________ because:
1) Nearly all families lost someone or had fathers, brother & sons come back injured &/or severely traumatised
2) Profound impact on Australian society
3) Return Service League formed to advocate for veterans & organise commemorations – RSL Clubs formed as social hubs & still present
“Broken Years”
Post WW1 spurred the development of ANZAC __________ to promote mateship and pride in Australia.
Legacy/Myth
Post WW! allowed Australia to be seen on the International scene:
1) 1919 _______________, where Billy Hughes (the Little Digger) “spoke for 60,000 Australian dead”
2) Signed the ____________ (first International Treaty signed by Australia)
1) Paris Peace conference
2) Treaty of Versailles
In the 1919 __________, Prime Minister William Hughes (the ‘Little Digger’) “spoke for 60,000 Australian dead
Paris Peace Conference
After WW1, __________ expected to be rewarded by Australia with former German possessions in Pacific by allying with Britain in WW1
Japan
After WW!, there was a special__________ that empowered Australia to administer Papua New Guinea, Nauru and a number of other former German possessions
‘C’ Category Mandate
After WW1, Australia;s antagonism and territorial aggrandisement may have contributed to the rise of a _________ clique in Japan
military
In 1932 Western Australia, the __________ took place.
Emu Wars
During the Emu Wars, there was a migration of approximately ___________ emus
20,000
The ___________ had to get involved in the Emu Wars due to the mass migration, resorting to soldiers and machine guns
Royal Australian Artillery
In ______, _____, Britain declared War on Germany for WW2, causing Australia to again follow by sending forces to Malaysia to bolster the UK’s ___________
1) September, 1939
2) Singapore Defense
During WW2, Britain assured Australia that if Japan entered the war, it would be protected by
__________ and the ___________
1) ‘Fortress Singapore’
2) Royal Navy
In ________, _________, Australian forces were sent to _________ without consultation with Australia’s
senior military commander (Gen. Thomas Blamey)
1) February, 1941
2) Greece
In ________, ______, John Curtin was elected Australian _____________.
1) October, 1941
2) Prime Minister
In __________, ________, Japan:
1) Bombed _________
2) Invaded northern ________ and destroyed ________ warships,
all causing Curtin to broadcast his _________ speech, which sought aid from the US
1) December, 1941
2) Pearl Harbor
3) Malaysia
4) Britain
5) “Look to America”
In ___________, we witnessed the fall of _________.
1) 1942
2) Singapore
In 1942, Australian militia (along with arriving AIF & US troops) defeated Japanese on the ___________
Kokoda Track & Milne Bay, PNG
In ___________, Northern Australia was bombed by the Japanese, resulting in the:
1) _____________ view
2) Opening of migration beyond British Isles, which eventually resulted in the end of the _________
1) 1942
2) “People of Perish”
3) White Australia policy
In _______, General Douglas MacArthur used Australia as base for the ________ campaign.
1) 1942
2) South-west Pacific`
The Battle of Brisbane occurred in _________, _________
November, 1942
The _____________ included 2 nights of riots and fights versus Americans, Aussies, and police
Battle of Brisbane
The Battle of Brisbane resulted in _______ death due to an accidental _______ fired, but it ended with many injuries
1) 1
2) Shotgun
According to historian Robert Macklin, the __________ basically started because:
1) “the Americans were getting off with the pretty girls of Brisbane and the Australians were feeling very much left out of it”
2) “The Americans had the smart uniforms, and the ice cream that they could lavish upon their ladies and the Australians pretty much had nothing.”
Battle of Brisbane
From 1950-1953, post WW2, Australians served in Korea as part of the ____________, with the ______ Squadron going first into action after the Americans
1) Commonwealth Brigade
2) 77th
In the 1950s, post WW2, Australian troops in Malaysia fell under _________ command.
British
In 1951, post WW2, the _________ ormed between Pacific ‘Western allies’ for
collective security of Australia, New Zealand and USA
ANZUS Treaty
In the 1960s, the US asked for Australian assistance in __________, and Australia gladly sent 19,000 national service soldiers
Vietnam
After helping America in Vietnam, a very strong ________ movement developed in Australia:
1) 70,000 protestors attended the 1969 _______________ (200,000 across Australia)
2) Followed from the US Anti-war movement
1) Anti-war
2) Moratorium in Melbourne
Australian troops left Vietnam in ___________
1973
Around __________ Australians died in Vietnam
500
After the Cold War, Australia supported US in the 1990s _________ and 2000s _______, resulting in:
1) __________ after the 2001 9/11 attacks
2) ______ Bombinf attack in 2002
1) Gulf War
2) War on Terror
3) ANZUS Treaty
4) Bali
By balancing close alliance with US & close economic ties with China, Australia became onvolved in _________ operation in the South China Sea, and China applied tariffs to a range of Australia goods (related to Covid)
freedom of the seas
ANZAC stands for ___________.
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
The first ANZAC day ws on __________, _______
April 25, 1916
An ANZAC tradition is a sunrise ceremony at the Gallipoli site, an event referred to as the _____________
“Last Post: call
How had ANZAC “myth” vs “reality” changed over years?
Early focus on white, young, male “digger”
Now: resurgence of interest in women’s roles, Indigenous people, people from different ethnic/cultural backgrounds
