Lecture 3 Flashcards
European countries began colonizing the “New World” from around the _______________
1400s
In 1497, John Cabot “discovered” ___________________.
North America
In 1492, Colombus claimed to “discover” the New World, marking the beginning of colonization and the ___________________.
Slave trade
In 1600/6, the Dutch “discovered” ___________________.
Terra Australis (Cape York)
Captain James Cook landed on Australia’s east coast in ___________________.
1770
Captain Cook’s “Secret Instructions” from the British Admiralty instructed him to find land, claim it for Britain, and cultivate an alliance of ___________________.
Local People
The British government fitted out eleven ships called the First Fleet in ___________________.
1787
From 1788 to 1868, approximately ___________________ convicts were transported to Australian colonies.
163,000
Between 1770 and 1776, around ___________________ convicts were transported annually to North America and sold.
1,000
Governor Philip King established a convict settlement in Tasmania in ___________________.
1803-1804
In the mid-1780s, James Matra proposed the resettlement of British loyalists from the American colonies to ___________________.
New South Wales
The majority of convicts transported to Australian colonies were of ___________________ descent.
British Protestants
The end of the transportation era occurred in ___________________.
1840
The shame of convict origins lingered, leading to efforts to ___________________.
“rebrand” the image of colonial Australian society
The industrialization in Britain led to the breakdown of social structures, overcrowding, disease, and ___________________.
low-paid employment
Roughly _______________ of convicts were considered to be of ‘working age’ between 16-35 years old.
80%
Convicts were often convicted of property offenses, particularly at ___________________.
Workplaces
Convicts were considered a cheap labor commodity, but questions remained about their ___________________ to build a colony.
Skills
Punishments for male convicts included flogging, solitary confinement, chain gangs, withdrawal of privileges, or extended ___________________.
Sentences
The end of transportation was partly influenced by prison reform in England and the desire to remove the ___________________.
“Convict Stain”
The First Fleet transported 780 convicts, along with 640 others including crew, marines, officials, and ___________________.
Children
Convicts who completed their sentence were given a ‘ticket of leave’ and categorized as ___________________.
“Emancipists”
Punishments for female convicts included whipping, head shaving, or placement in ___________________.
Solitary confinement
Governor William Bligh was overthrown in the ___________________ of 1808.
Rum Rebellion
The end of transportation to New South Wales occurred in ___________________.
1840
Convicts hijacked a brig in Tasmania in 1834 in an event known as the ___________________.
Frederick Escape
Sydney was suggested as a naval port to defend British interests against rival powers in the ___________________.
Pacific
Geoffrey Blainey argued that flax and timber were important for trade and ___________________.
Naval Supplies
Governor Philip King established a convict settlement in Tasmania to block ___________________ ambitions.
French
The end of transportation to Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) occurred in ___________________.
1853
Convicts had rights and considerable freedoms under supervision, despite ___________________ evidence of brutality.
Abundant
The end of transportation era saw approximately 12,000 convicts transported to ___________________.
Western Australia
William and Mary Bryant’s escape involved stealing the governor’s oar boat and sailing ___________________ around the Australian coast.
2 Months
The end of transportation to Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) occurred in ___________________.
1853
