Lecture 3

Question 1

European countries began colonizing the “New World” from around the _______________

Answer 1

1400s

Question 2

In 1497, John Cabot “discovered” ___________________.

Answer 2

North America

Question 2

In 1492, Colombus claimed to “discover” the New World, marking the beginning of colonization and the ___________________.

Answer 2

Slave trade

Question 3

In 1600/6, the Dutch “discovered” ___________________.

Answer 3

Terra Australis (Cape York)

Question 4

Captain James Cook landed on Australia’s east coast in ___________________.

Answer 4

1770

Question 5

Captain Cook’s “Secret Instructions” from the British Admiralty instructed him to find land, claim it for Britain, and cultivate an alliance of ___________________.

Answer 5

Local People

Question 5

The British government fitted out eleven ships called the First Fleet in ___________________.

Answer 5

1787

Question 6

From 1788 to 1868, approximately ___________________ convicts were transported to Australian colonies.

Answer 6

163,000

Question 7

Between 1770 and 1776, around ___________________ convicts were transported annually to North America and sold.

Answer 7

1,000

Question 8

Governor Philip King established a convict settlement in Tasmania in ___________________.

Answer 8

1803-1804

Question 9

In the mid-1780s, James Matra proposed the resettlement of British loyalists from the American colonies to ___________________.

Answer 9

New South Wales

Question 10

The majority of convicts transported to Australian colonies were of ___________________ descent.

Answer 10

British Protestants

Question 10

The end of the transportation era occurred in ___________________.

Answer 10

1840

Question 11

The shame of convict origins lingered, leading to efforts to ___________________.

Answer 11

“rebrand” the image of colonial Australian society

Question 11

The industrialization in Britain led to the breakdown of social structures, overcrowding, disease, and ___________________.

Answer 11

low-paid employment

Question 12

Roughly _______________ of convicts were considered to be of ‘working age’ between 16-35 years old.

Answer 12

80%

Question 13

Convicts were often convicted of property offenses, particularly at ___________________.

Answer 13

Workplaces

Question 14

Convicts were considered a cheap labor commodity, but questions remained about their ___________________ to build a colony.

Answer 14

Skills

Question 15

Punishments for male convicts included flogging, solitary confinement, chain gangs, withdrawal of privileges, or extended ___________________.

Answer 15

Sentences

Question 16

The end of transportation was partly influenced by prison reform in England and the desire to remove the ___________________.

Answer 16

“Convict Stain”

Question 17

The First Fleet transported 780 convicts, along with 640 others including crew, marines, officials, and ___________________.

Answer 17

Children

Question 18

Convicts who completed their sentence were given a ‘ticket of leave’ and categorized as ___________________.

Answer 18

“Emancipists”

Question 19

Punishments for female convicts included whipping, head shaving, or placement in ___________________.

Answer 19

Solitary confinement

Question 20

Governor William Bligh was overthrown in the ___________________ of 1808.

Answer 20

Rum Rebellion

Question 21

The end of transportation to New South Wales occurred in ___________________.

Answer 21

1840

Question 22

Convicts hijacked a brig in Tasmania in 1834 in an event known as the ___________________.

Answer 22

Frederick Escape

Question 23

Sydney was suggested as a naval port to defend British interests against rival powers in the ___________________.

Answer 23

Pacific

Question 24

Geoffrey Blainey argued that flax and timber were important for trade and ___________________.

Answer 24

Naval Supplies

Question 25

Governor Philip King established a convict settlement in Tasmania to block ___________________ ambitions.

Answer 25

French

Question 26

The end of transportation to Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) occurred in ___________________.

Answer 26

1853

Question 27

Convicts had rights and considerable freedoms under supervision, despite ___________________ evidence of brutality.

Answer 27

Abundant

Question 28

The end of transportation era saw approximately 12,000 convicts transported to ___________________.

Answer 28

Western Australia

Question 29

William and Mary Bryant’s escape involved stealing the governor’s oar boat and sailing ___________________ around the Australian coast.

Answer 29

2 Months

Question 30

The end of transportation to Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) occurred in ___________________.

Answer 30

1853