lecture 7 Flashcards
T/F we are naturally inclined to form hierarchies within groups
true
what is social dominance orientation
our desire for hierarchy varies from person to person
benefits of hierarchies and leadership
- rules for where resources go
- final say in group decision
- motivation
- coordination
what are characteristics of leaders that we like?
1.) Skills
2.) Social skills
3.) Selflessness
-expertise and skills in relation to the goals of the group
- strong social skills
- selflessly share resources
what are the dimensions of a persons face?
Dominance Trustworthiness
Competence Warmth
trustworthy but not dominant =
babyface
- weak
- naive
- submissive
dominant but not trustworthy is
- strong
- competent
- dominant
people with a ___ face are treated more leniently within the criminal justice system
baby face
though they may have difficulties being hired for an “adult” job or taken seriously upon being hired
evolutionary reason: baby-face = youthful = little threat
what is overgeneralization
where a person assumes a characteristic/event which applies to an experience/something will apply to others akin to it
T/F snap-judgements made by one person often does predict the snap judgements made by others
true; they are accurate in terms of consensus
consensus =/= accuracy
ex.) a politian rated as more competent is more likely to be elected, even though there isn’t a basis for competency
power is defined as
the ability to control one’s own outcomes and those of others; the freedom to act
what’s the definition of leadership
the capacity of a person to influence other people
power can be considered within 3 dimensions of social rank
1.) status (relative comparison of attributes, leading to differential levels of respect and prominence within a group)
2.) authority (power that comes from an institutionalized role or a formal hierarchy)
3.) dominance (behaviour that has the goal of demonstrating power)
we pick leaders who seem for the group. do leaders remain that way once in power?
no
power is the freedom to __
act; the removal of constraints
a lack of power is therefore the presence of restraints
when you move from not having power, it can give you the ____ to pursue your own individual goals and desires
green light
the approach- inhibition theory of power
1.) Power = approach
- your goals and become more self-focused
- high levels of power
- less careful
- systematic in assessments of others
- more likely to stereotype
- less accurate judgement of emotions (failure of empathy)
2.) Power = lack of inhibition
- more inappropriate behaviour
- power is associated with sexually assertive behaviour and being aggressive
Study examining empathy and power key takeaways
- draw the letter E on forehead so someone across the room can read it
- those induced to feel more powerful were less likely to mirror the letter E (less likely to take another persons perspective into consideration)
priming the idea of power will change a persons behaviour in a sexual context in what ways?
- more flirtatious
- more likely to touch others without consent
- more likely to get too close to others
- increased sexual thoughts
- more likely to feel attracted to a stranger
- overestimate another person’s sexual interest in them
people in positions of power tend to
violate norms of polite communication
- interrupt more
- speak out of turn
- behave rudely
fraternity study
- 2 lower in power and 2 higher in power asked to tease each other
- higher power duo = more aggressive and humiliating
- lower power duo = restrained
how is power a recipe for violence and what are some solutions
- antisocial behaviour
- focus on own goals
- lack of empathy
ex.) rape culture, hate crimes, sexual harrassment
SOLUTIONS
- better management of power
- flatter hierarchies
- checks and balances
- transformational leadership
what is transformation leadership
leadership that develops trust and cooperation within the group and between the group and its leaders
traits of a transformative leader
- ethical
- committed to the well-being of the organization and it’s members
- encourages people to meet their potential
- trusts others to think critically and for themselves
- provides support (emotionally and practically)
transformational leadership include 2 types of leadership
1.) individually-oriented leadership
- sees followers as individuals and treats them so
- show concern for individual professional development and goals
- know people on a personal level
- recognize individual accomplishments
results:
- high individual performance
- feelings of empowerment
- feelings of identification with the leader
2.) group-oriented leadership
- create opportunities for group events
- share vision/develop a shared story
- build solidarity around a common sense of purpose
results:
- felt more identified with their work teams
- teams showed high levels of performance as a group
- felt that teams and groups were effective
- strong social identities for teams resulted in better performance for the individuals in those teams
effective transformational leadership will incorporate both:
individual and group oriented leadership
what is the prisoner’s dilemma
- 2 suspects held on the suspicion of a crime they committed
- police only have evidence to convict the lesser crime
- need to get one suspect to testify against the other
- interrogated separately (both offered a chance to implicate the other in exchange for leniency)
- if they remain silent both will receive the lesser charge (2 years)
- if one testifies then they will go free, the other will serve 5 years, if both testify neither get the max sentence but no one goes free.
- trust and cooperation is the best outcome
