lecture 3 Flashcards
how is our judgement impaired
lack of representativeness
being deceived (intentionally or not)
what does lack of representativeness imply
we need to make a judgement about a group/situation
we may lack examples (only 1 or 2)
those examples aren’t reflective of the group as a whole/truth of situation
T/F people actions often align with their true beliefs
false; taking actions as an indication of beliefs can be misleading - cognitive dissonance
what are self-fulfilling prophecies
failure to see how our own behaviour has create the current situation that we’re experiencing
ex.) tom does not behave friendly towards you -> you believe tom is unfriendly -> you give tom the cold shoulder - > repeat
what is pluralistic ignorance?
when people believe that everyone holds a different opinion than them
example of self-fulfilling prophecies
what is ideological distortions
people alter the info they provide based on their ideologies (and social identities)
bad news bias
if it bleeds it leads
20% of crime takes up 80% of media reports
what is confirmation bias
the tendency to test a proposition by searching for evidence that will support it. we also make guesses that support the pattern we expect
what is polarization
act of dividing something, especially something that contains different people/opinions into 2 opposing groups
what are the 3 types of polarization
1.) thought polarization hypothesis
[the more you think about an issue, the more you make your opinion public and the more extreme/entrenched your position of the issue will become]
2.) group polarization
[tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than those made by individuals]
3.) political polarization
[group polarization but political]
T/F making your opinion public makes it stronger
true
what is political partisanship
people identify with political leaders, parties, and belief systems. these identities shape their analytical reasoning to who they date.
people are placing greater emphasis on political partisanship
what can we do to overcome confirmation bias
controlled processing
difference between intellect and intuition
intuition
- operates quickly
- automatic
- based on associations
- performs analyses simultaneously
intellect
- slower and more controlled
- based on rules deductions
- performs operations one a time (serially)
what happens when you put automatic + controlled processing together
- intuition and reasoning agree
- your intuition and intellect/reason may disagree but your intuition may be override by your reason
- your intuitive system can act so quickly that your rational never had the chance to participate [heuristics of judgment]
