Lecture 6A - ANS Parasympathetic Division

Question 1

What division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for restoring and conserving energy (rest and digest)?

Answer 1

Parasympathetic Division

Question 2

The parasympathetic division of the ANS causes ____ HR, pupil ____, broncho____ and ____ of digestion (peristalsis).

Answer 2

1) Decreased HR
2) pupil constriction
3) bronchoconstriction
4) stimulation of digestion (peristalsis increased)

Question 3

What are the origin points for the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 3

Brainstem: cranial nerve nuclei for CN III, VII, IX, X

Spinal Cord: S2, S3, S4

Question 4

What neurotransmitter do pre and post ganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system release?

Answer 4

Acetylcholine

Question 5

_____ neurons are short, non-myelinated and smaller than _____ neurons in the parasympathetic system.

Answer 5

Postganglionic; preganglionic

Question 6

T/F: CN IX is the facial nerve.

Answer 6

False. CN IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 7

T/F: CN X is the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Answer 7

False. CN X is the vagus nerve.

Question 8

CN III is the ______, responsible for ________ .

Answer 8

Oculomotor nerve; pupil constirction

Question 9

What cranial nerve is responsible for supplying the heart, lungs, digestive tract?

Answer 9

CN X (vagus)

Question 10

T/F: The glossopharygneal nerve supplies the lacrimal and most salivary glands.

Answer 10

False: Glossopharyngeal nerve supplies the parotid gland.

Question 11

T/F: Preganglionic neurons travel with the cranial nerves and synpase in parasympathetic ganglia near the spinal cord.

Answer 11

False. Parasympathetic ganglia near or on the target organ.

Question 12

Preganglionic fibers arise from _____ in the _____. They travel in _____ nerve roots of sacral nerves ____.

Answer 12

1) sacral parasympathetic nuclei
2) lateral gray matter
3) ventral
4) S2, S3, S4

Question 13

T/F: Preganglionic fibers leave the sacral nerves and form the lumbosacral plexus.

Answer 13

False: Preganglionic fibers leave the sacral nerves and form the pelvic splanchnic nerves.

Question 14

The pelvic splanchnic nerves supply the ____ and _____.

Answer 14

Terminal gut; pelvic viscera (bladder and reproductive organs)

Question 15

Where do afferent fibers of the parasympathetic system travel from the viscera to?

Answer 15

1) cell bodies of cranial nerve nuclei
2) dorsal horn of sacral spinal levels S2, S3, S4
* ascend to the hypothalamus

Question 16

What is the primary centre of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 16

The hypothalamus

Question 17

In what 5 ways are the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems different?

Answer 17

1) Where the preganglionic axons emerge
2) Length of preganglionic fiber
3) NT released
4) Length of post ganglionic fiber
5) Function

Question 18

T/F: Most viscera are innervated only by autonomic nerves.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Visceral pain is ____ and _____, while somatic pain is intense, and discretely localized.

Answer 19

Diffuse; poorly localized

Question 20

Pain in the hip may be a referral from what visceral organ?

Answer 20

Kidneys

Question 21

Pain in the right neck and shoulder may be a referral from what visceral organ?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

Pain in the left arm may be a referral from what visceral organ?

Answer 22

Heart

Question 23

If a peripheral nerve is severed, an interruption of sympathetic efferents causes a loss of ____, _____ and _____, in the region supplied by the peripheral nerve.

Answer 23

1) Loss of sweating
2) Loss of vascular control
3) Loss of temperature regulation

Question 24

A patient presents with dry flaky skin, thickened nails, and a loss of hair. What may be responsible for this manifestaton?

Answer 24

Autonomic dysregulation, caused by a peripheral nerve that is severed (interruption of sympathetic efferent fibers)

Question 25

T/F: A complete spinal cord lesion interrupts all communication between the brain and the spinal cord above the injury.

Answer 25

False. Between the brain and spinal cord below the injury.

Question 26

Complete lesion above the lumbar level affects control of ____, ____ and ____.

Answer 26

1) Bladder
2) Bowel
3) Reproductive organs

Question 27

T/F: A spinal cord lesion above the midthoracic level is more severe than at the lumbar level.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

A spinal cord lesion at the midthoracic level would affect which 2 functions?

Answer 28

1) BP regulation

2) Ability to adjust body temperature

Question 29

A patient presents with increased BP, excessive sweating, flushing of the skin and a pounding headache. What condition may be resulting in these symptoms?

Answer 29

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Question 30

Autonomic dysreflexia may occur in spinal cord lesions above what level?

Answer 30

T6

Question 31

T/F: Autonomic dysreflexia may be elicited by an irritating stimulus above the level of the lesion.

Answer 31

False. Below the level of the lesion (ie. distended bladder or rectum)

Question 32

T/F: Stress promotes sympathetic NS activity.

Answer 32

True.

Question 33

Autonomic dysreflexia is the result of over activity of the _____ nervous system.

Answer 33

Sympathetic