Lecture 6A - ANS Parasympathetic Division Flashcards
What division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for restoring and conserving energy (rest and digest)?
Parasympathetic Division
The parasympathetic division of the ANS causes ____ HR, pupil ____, broncho____ and ____ of digestion (peristalsis).
1) Decreased HR
2) pupil constriction
3) bronchoconstriction
4) stimulation of digestion (peristalsis increased)
What are the origin points for the parasympathetic NS?
Brainstem: cranial nerve nuclei for CN III, VII, IX, X
Spinal Cord: S2, S3, S4
What neurotransmitter do pre and post ganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system release?
Acetylcholine
_____ neurons are short, non-myelinated and smaller than _____ neurons in the parasympathetic system.
Postganglionic; preganglionic
T/F: CN IX is the facial nerve.
False. CN IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve.
T/F: CN X is the glossopharyngeal nerve.
False. CN X is the vagus nerve.
CN III is the ______, responsible for ________ .
Oculomotor nerve; pupil constirction
What cranial nerve is responsible for supplying the heart, lungs, digestive tract?
CN X (vagus)
T/F: The glossopharygneal nerve supplies the lacrimal and most salivary glands.
False: Glossopharyngeal nerve supplies the parotid gland.
T/F: Preganglionic neurons travel with the cranial nerves and synpase in parasympathetic ganglia near the spinal cord.
False. Parasympathetic ganglia near or on the target organ.
Preganglionic fibers arise from _____ in the _____. They travel in _____ nerve roots of sacral nerves ____.
1) sacral parasympathetic nuclei
2) lateral gray matter
3) ventral
4) S2, S3, S4
T/F: Preganglionic fibers leave the sacral nerves and form the lumbosacral plexus.
False: Preganglionic fibers leave the sacral nerves and form the pelvic splanchnic nerves.
The pelvic splanchnic nerves supply the ____ and _____.
Terminal gut; pelvic viscera (bladder and reproductive organs)
Where do afferent fibers of the parasympathetic system travel from the viscera to?
1) cell bodies of cranial nerve nuclei
2) dorsal horn of sacral spinal levels S2, S3, S4
* ascend to the hypothalamus
What is the primary centre of the autonomic nervous system?
The hypothalamus
In what 5 ways are the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems different?
1) Where the preganglionic axons emerge
2) Length of preganglionic fiber
3) NT released
4) Length of post ganglionic fiber
5) Function
T/F: Most viscera are innervated only by autonomic nerves.
True
Visceral pain is ____ and _____, while somatic pain is intense, and discretely localized.
Diffuse; poorly localized
Pain in the hip may be a referral from what visceral organ?
Kidneys
Pain in the right neck and shoulder may be a referral from what visceral organ?
Liver
Pain in the left arm may be a referral from what visceral organ?
Heart
If a peripheral nerve is severed, an interruption of sympathetic efferents causes a loss of ____, _____ and _____, in the region supplied by the peripheral nerve.
1) Loss of sweating
2) Loss of vascular control
3) Loss of temperature regulation
A patient presents with dry flaky skin, thickened nails, and a loss of hair. What may be responsible for this manifestaton?
Autonomic dysregulation, caused by a peripheral nerve that is severed (interruption of sympathetic efferent fibers)
T/F: A complete spinal cord lesion interrupts all communication between the brain and the spinal cord above the injury.
False. Between the brain and spinal cord below the injury.
Complete lesion above the lumbar level affects control of ____, ____ and ____.
1) Bladder
2) Bowel
3) Reproductive organs
T/F: A spinal cord lesion above the midthoracic level is more severe than at the lumbar level.
True
A spinal cord lesion at the midthoracic level would affect which 2 functions?
1) BP regulation
2) Ability to adjust body temperature
A patient presents with increased BP, excessive sweating, flushing of the skin and a pounding headache. What condition may be resulting in these symptoms?
Autonomic Dysreflexia
Autonomic dysreflexia may occur in spinal cord lesions above what level?
T6
T/F: Autonomic dysreflexia may be elicited by an irritating stimulus above the level of the lesion.
False. Below the level of the lesion (ie. distended bladder or rectum)
T/F: Stress promotes sympathetic NS activity.
True.
Autonomic dysreflexia is the result of over activity of the _____ nervous system.
Sympathetic
