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Neuromotor Function 1 > Lecture 12- Sensory Systems: Anterolateral Pathways > Flashcards

Lecture 12- Sensory Systems: Anterolateral Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Low levels of _____
_____ are important during everyday tasks to tell us when a particular movement or prolonged posture is putting too much strain on our body

A
  • nociceptive activity
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2
Q

T/F: People born without the sensation of pain go through life in constant danger of destroying themselves because they do not realize the harm they are doing.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the 2 main ascending sensory pathways?

A
  • posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway

- anterolateral pathways

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4
Q

what is the main function of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway

A
  • conveys: fine, discriminative touch, proprioception, vibration sense
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5
Q

What is the main function of the anetrolateral pathways?

A
  • convey: pain, temperature sense, crude touch
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6
Q

The sensory receptors for the anterolateral pathways are

____ ____ ___ with bare (free) nerve endings

A
  • primary sensory neurons
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7
Q

The sensory receptors for the anterolateral pathways recieve info about what? (3 things)

A
  • pain (nociceptors)
  • thermal sensation (thermal receptors)
  • crude touch and pressure (tactile receptors)
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8
Q

T/F: anterolateral pathways have large diameter axons that are unmylinated or thinly myelinated

A
  • False: small diameter axons
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9
Q

T/F: the anterolateral pathway neurons conduct AP’s more slowly than axons carrying information about fine touch, vibration and proprioception

A
  • True
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10
Q

where are nocieptors commonly found?

A
  • in the superficial portions of the skin
  • in the joint capsules
  • within the periostea of bones
  • around the walls of blood vessels
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11
Q

describe chemoreceptors

A
  • sensitive to concentration of irritant chemicals released by noxious thermal or mechanical stimuli
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12
Q

describe type A fibers (A delta)

A
  • carry sensations of fast pain, or prickling pain, such as that caused by an injection or a deep cut
  • relayed to the primary sensory cortex and receive conscious attention
  • sensations reach the CNS quickly and often trigger
    somatic reflexes
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13
Q

describe type C fibers

A
  • carry sensations of slow pain, or burning and aching pain

- You become aware of the pain but only have a general idea of the area affected

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14
Q

thermoreceptors are free nerve endings located where

A
  • the dermis
  • skeletal muscles
  • the liver
  • the hypothalamus
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15
Q

describe tactile receptors

A
  • have relatively large receptive fields and provide poor localization
  • give little information about the stimulus
  • are primarily free nerve endings in the skin situated
    between epidermal cells
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16
Q

Tactile receptors for crude ____ and ____

A
  • touch

- pressure

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17
Q

mechanoreceptors for fine, _____ touch are extremely sensitive and have a relatively ___ receptive field

A
  • discriminative

- small

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18
Q

afferent fibres that have encapsulated endings typically have ____ thresholds for action potential generation than ____ ____ endings

A
  • lower

- free nerve

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19
Q

True/False: afferent fibers that have encapsulated endings are more
sensitive to sensory stimulation than free nerve endings

A
  • True
20
Q

the anterolateral pathways are most important for conveying ____ sensation as well as carries ____, ____ and ____ information

A
  • pain

- thermal, touch and pressure

21
Q

what are the 3 anterolateral tracts

A
  • spinothalamic tract
  • spinoreticular tract
  • spinomesencephalic tract
22
Q

spinothalamic tract controls…

A
  • for pain, temperature sensation, crude touch, pressure
23
Q

spinoreticular tract controls…

A
  • for emotional and arousal aspects of pain
24
Q

spinomesencephalic tract controls…

A
  • for central modulation of pain
25
Q
  • anterolateral pathway enters the spinal cord at the ____ root and projects on ____ ____ neurons
A
  • dorsal

- second order

26
Q

True/False: axons from second order sensory neurons start ascending diagonally up and cross over completely to the opposite side of the spinal cord white matter by passing through anterior grey commissure

A
  • true
27
Q

the axons that synapse with motor neurons mediate…

A
  • sensorimotor reflex behaviours, such as withdrawing hand from hot object
28
Q

the axons that synapse with ____ neurons in to bring about responses to pain

A
  • autonomic
29
Q

Describe spinothalamic tract

A
  • Second order neurons reach medulla and travel in groove
    between olives and inferior cerebellar peduncles
  • ascend through brainstem and synapse in VPL nucleus of thalamus (third order neurons)
  • proections to other thalamic nuclei
30
Q

the thalmus relays to what 3 areas?

A
  • primary somatosensory cortex
  • frontal lobes and limbuc system
  • hypothalamus
31
Q

Spinoreticular tract terminates on the ____ _____ in the medulla and pons

A
  • reticular formation
32
Q

Spinoreticular tract project to the _____ _____ nuclei

A
  • intralaminar thalamic
33
Q

Spinomesencephalic tract
projects to midbrain _____ _____ _____
participates in central modulation of pain

A
  • periaqueductal gray area
34
Q

describe the Trigeminothalamic tract (what it does, where it terminates, where does it project to?)

A
  • carries information about pain, temperature, crude touch from the face
  • terminates at ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) of the
    thalamus
  • then projects to the different brain areas that mediate perception of and responses to pain
35
Q

sensory information from the primary somatosensory cortex is conveyed to the ____ ____ area and the ____ ____ cortex

A
  • secondary somatosensory

- parietal association

36
Q

the secondary somatosensory area also has extensive connections with ____ ____ for sensorimotor integration

A
  • motor cortex
37
Q

True/False: Unilateral lesion of spinothalamic tract anywhere in brainstem:
produces loss of pain and temperature and sense of touch from same side
of the body

A
  • fasle: opposite side of body
38
Q

True/False: Unilateral lesion of spinothalamic tract in spinal cord
produces loss of pain and temperature on opposite side
beginning one level above the level of the lesion

A
  • False: one level below the level of the lesion
39
Q

describe the symptoms of a lesion of the somatosensory cortex

A
  • produce contralateral deficits
  • discriminitive touch and joint position sense most severely affected, but all sensations may be affected
  • accompanied by cortical sensory loss
    extinction, decreased stereognosis, graphesthesia
40
Q

Most common pattern of diabetic neuropathy is…

A
  • distal symmetrical polyneuropathy
41
Q

diabetic neuropathy produces…

A
  • decreased sensation: impaired vibration is often first sign
  • paresthesia: nonpainful abnormal sensations (prickling, tingling)
  • dysesthesia: painful abnormal sensations, including burning and aching
  • loss of pain sensation
42
Q

Describe PCML

A
  • A person who has had the posterior column-medial lemniscal (PCML) pathway affected will be able to sense pain and temperature and will have a crude sense of touch retained.
  • A person who has the PCML pathway intact but not the spinothalamic pathway will have a better sense of touch, but not pain or temperature.
  • If there is substantial, but not total, damage to both pathways, there will likely be some crude ability to sense touch retained
43
Q

True/False: sensory testing should occur before manual muscle testing, coordination assessment, gait analysis, or functional assessment

A
  • True
44
Q

Typical order of testing

A
  1. Superficial sensations
    pain, temperature, light touch, pressure
  2. Deep sensations
    kinesthesia, proprioception, vibration
  3. Combined cortical testing
    stereognosis, graphesthesia, two-point discrimination, tactile extinction
45
Q

Sensory testing should be performed ____ to ___ direction and once deficit noted testing becomes more _____

A
  • distal
  • proximal
  • focused
46
Q

intact primary sensation with deficits in cortical sensation (such as agraphesthesia, astereognosis) suggest a lesion in ____ ____ ____

A
  • contralateral sensory cortex
47
Q

extinction with intact primary sensation is a form of ____ that is most commonly associated with lesions of ____ ____ lobe

A
  • hemineglect

- right parietal

Neuromotor Function 1 (21 decks)

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