Lecture 6.1 - Depressive Disorders Flashcards
When does bipolar disorder develop?
Women - Approx. age 20
Men - Approx. Age 18
How does the incidence of MDD change with age?
Women - Reduce with age
Men - Increase with age
Which social factors contribute to the diagnoses of depressive disorders?
Women are assumed to be more emotionally disadvantaged and may be more likely to be diagnosed with these disorders.
Similarly, men have a hard time expressing or divulging in emotions due to social factors. Male doctors are more inclined to give a depression diagnosis to a female than male patient.
What are Skovlund’s findings about hormonal contraception?
There is a link between women taking hormonal contraception and her first diagnosis of depression and prescription of an antidepressant.
Contraception is considered to be the responsibility of women with creates a financial, physiological, and social burden.
What are must be present for diagnosis of MDD?
Depressed mood and/or a loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities for at least two weeks and 4 of the following 7 symptoms:
- Disrupted sleep patterns
- Appetite changes
- Poor concentration
- Loss of energy
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness
- Suicidal ideation
(Not needed for memorization)
What are the affective/mood S/S for MDD?
sadness, tearfulness, feelings of emptiness, irritability, anxiety, hopelessness compared to normal state
What are the cognitive S/S symptoms of MDD?
Preoccupation, attribution of blame to others.
Memory issues, decreased concentration, excessive guilt, indecisiveness, difficulty with planning and organizing activities.
Ruminating thoughts of death and occasionally may include delusions and hallucinations.
What behavioural S/S are associated with MDD?
Regression, altered functioning, slowed speech, fatigue, loss of energy, neglected appearance, loss of visual contact and isolation
What physiological S/S are associated with MDD?
Anorexia or hyperphagia, weight gain or loss, insomnia or hypersomnia, headaches
What is persistent depressive disorder?
A depressed mood for most days for at least 2 years and 2 or more of the following:
–> Poor appetite or overeating
–> Insomnia or hypersomnia
–> Low energy or fatigue
–> Low self-esteem
–> Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
–> Feelings of hopelessness
What differentiates between MDD and PDD?
PDD symptoms are more prolonged but with less severity and effects on IADLs/ADLs.
What is psychotic depression?
MDD with hallucination or hallucinations that reflect their deeply depressed mood.
–> Negative, self-critical, self-punishing, self-blaming
10-15% of people with severe MDD will experience these symptoms
Psychotic features usually occur a period of severely low mood , their reason is unknown.
How does depression effect children?
Less likely to have psychosis, more likely to have anxiety and somatic symptoms
How does depression effect adolescents?
Mood more likely to be irritable than sad, risk for suicide is highest in mid-adolescent years.
What is postpartum depression?
Depression that starts either during pregnancy or at any time the the year following the birth of a child and lasts several weeks or months. Sleep deprivation may be a key factor in its development
May have frequent thoughts about being a bad patients, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating with mood swings. Frequently has psychotic features involving suicide or harming child.
Does not exclusively effect pregnant individuals.
