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ENDO Y1 > Lecture 6- Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Lecture 6- Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functional units of the thyroid gland called?

A

Follicles

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2
Q

What cells are dispersed between the follicles?

A

C cells (parafollicular cells)

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3
Q

What do c cells secrete?

A

Calcitonin

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4
Q

What do the central cavities of the follicles contain?

A

Colloid

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5
Q

What is the major constituent of colloid?

A

Thyroglobulin

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6
Q

What hormone are follicular cells dependent on?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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7
Q

What 2 molecules are required for thyroid hormone synthesis?

A

Iodine and tyrosine

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8
Q

Which cells produce thyroglobulin?

A

Follicular cells

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9
Q

How is thyroglobulin moved into the follicle lumen?

A

Exocytosis

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10
Q

Where do follicular cells take up iodide from?

A

The blood

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11
Q

Where does oxidation of iodide to molecular iodine?

A

Follicular cells

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12
Q

Where does iodine attach to thyroglobulin?

A

Tyrosine residues

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13
Q

Where does iodine-tyrosine attachment take place?

A

Colloid

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14
Q

What 2 molecules are formed from iodine-tyrosine attachment?

A

Monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine

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15
Q

What 2 molecules are formed from coupling of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine?

A

T3 and T4

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16
Q

How does secretion of T3 and T4 to the follicular cell occur?

A

Endocytosis

17
Q

Once T3 and T4 enter the follicular cells, what do they fuse with?

A

Lysosome

18
Q

How do T3 and T4 enter the bloodstream from the follicular cells?

A

Diffusion

19
Q

Which hormone, T3 or T4 is secreted in greater proportions?

A

T4

20
Q

Which molecule, T3 or T4, is more potent?

A

T3

21
Q

Which 2 organs convert T4 into T3?

A

Liver and kidneys

22
Q

What regulatory effect do thyroid hormones have?

A

Negative feedback to both anterior pituitary and hypothalamus, inhibiting thyroid stimulating hormone and thyrotropin releasing hormone release

23
Q

What kind of receptors are thyroid stimulating hormone receptors?

A

G protein coupled receptors

24
Q

What hormone do thyroid hormones stimulate the release of?

A

Human growth hormone

25
Q

What are the effects of thyroid hormones on metabolism?

A

Increased metabolic activities

26
Q

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on oxygen consumption?

A

Oxygen consumption increases to most metabolically active tissues

27
Q

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on basal metabolic rate?

A

Increased by up to 60-100%

28
Q

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on body temperature?

A

Heat is released during metabolic reactions, increasing body heat

29
Q

What are the effects of thyroid hormones on catecholamine receptors?

A

Increased production of receptors so cells are more responsive (upregulation)

30
Q

What are the cardiovascular effects of thyroid hormones?

A

Increased heart rate, force of contractions and cardiac output

ENDO Y1 (9 decks)

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