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ENDO Y1 > Armando Hasudungan > Flashcards

Armando Hasudungan Flashcards

Based of off his YouTube videos

1
Q

What is the endocrine system’s main purpose

A

To maintain homeostatic environment through the use of hormones

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2
Q

What are hormones?

A

Signalling molecules

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3
Q

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system

A
  • Neurotransmitters initiates a short term, quick response

- Hormones initiate a long term, slow response

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4
Q

What is endocrine signalling?

A

Endocrine cells release hormones into the bloodstream to target a cell (distant cell)

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5
Q

What is paracrine signalling?

A

Endocrine cell releases hormones that act on a nearby cell

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6
Q

What is a free form hormone?

A

Circulates the body through the bloodstream and is cleared quickly

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7
Q

What are lipid hormones (protein bound hormones)?

A

Hormones that are bound to proteins and travel through the blood stream

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8
Q

What do lipid derivative hormones bind to?

A

Steroid hormones or thyroid hormones.

-Cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm

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9
Q

What do amino acid derived and peptide hormones bind to?

A

Peptide hormones and most hormones derived from an amino acid bind to receptors on the cell membrane

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10
Q

What secretes glucagon?

A

Alpha cells of the pancreas

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11
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Groups of endocrine cells that are dedicated to perform a specific function

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12
Q

What does the hypothalamus produce?

A

Responsible for the production of anti diuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin and regulatory hormones

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13
Q

What does the posterior pituitary secrete?

A

Secretes oxytocin and ADH

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14
Q

What does the anterior pituitary secrete?

A 
ACTH- adrenocorticotropin hormone 
TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone 
GH- growth hormone
PRL- prolactin 
FSH- follicle stimulating hormone 
LH-luteinising hormone

These hormones are regulated by the secretion of regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus

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15
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A

The pineal gland secretes melatonin

- responsible for the ‘body clock’

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16
Q

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

17
Q

What do the parathyroid glands secrete?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

18
Q

What does the thymus secrete?

A

The thymus undergoes atrophy during adulthood and secreted thymusin

19
Q

What does the heart secrete?

A

Naturetic peptides- decreases blood pressure

20
Q

What does the digestive tract secrete?

A
  • Gastrin
  • Somatostatin
  • Secretin
  • CCK
  • GIP
  • VIP
21
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A
  • Insulin

- Glucagon

22
Q

What do the kidneys secrete?

A

Erythropoietin- stimulates RBC production

Calcitriol

23
Q

What do the adrenal glands secretes?

A

Cortex- cortisol and aldosterone

Medulla- adrenaline and noradrenaline

24
Q

What does adipose tissue secrete?

A

Leptin

25
Q

What do the gonads secrete?

A

Testes- androgens (testosterone)

Ovaries- oestrogen, progesterone, inhibin

26
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Below the hypothalamus, in the brain

27
Q

What is the posterior pituitary also known as?

A

Neurohypophysis

28
Q

What is the anterior pituitary also known as?

A

Adenohypophysis

29
Q

What do the posterior pituitary hormones target?

A

ADH- water retention in the kidney tubules
Oxytocin- lactation (mammary glands) and contraction of the uterus in childbirth

  • in the posterior pituitary, hormones are produces in the hypothalamus and secreted by the PP
30
Q

What do the anterior pituitary hormones target?

A

Prolactin- milk production in the mammary glands
Growth hormone- tissues e.g. bone for growth
FSH- testes/ovaries
LH- testes/ ovaries
TSH- stimulates thyroid to secrete hormones
ACTH- cortisol release from the adrenal glands

ENDO Y1 (9 decks)

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