Armando Hasudungan

Question 1

What is the endocrine system’s main purpose

Answer 1

To maintain homeostatic environment through the use of hormones

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

Signalling molecules

Question 3

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system

Answer 3

• Neurotransmitters initiates a short term, quick response

- Hormones initiate a long term, slow response

Question 4

What is endocrine signalling?

Answer 4

Endocrine cells release hormones into the bloodstream to target a cell (distant cell)

Question 5

What is paracrine signalling?

Answer 5

Endocrine cell releases hormones that act on a nearby cell

Question 6

What is a free form hormone?

Answer 6

Circulates the body through the bloodstream and is cleared quickly

Question 7

What are lipid hormones (protein bound hormones)?

Answer 7

Hormones that are bound to proteins and travel through the blood stream

Question 8

What do lipid derivative hormones bind to?

Answer 8

Steroid hormones or thyroid hormones.

-Cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm

Question 9

What do amino acid derived and peptide hormones bind to?

Answer 9

Peptide hormones and most hormones derived from an amino acid bind to receptors on the cell membrane

Question 10

What secretes glucagon?

Answer 10

Alpha cells of the pancreas

Question 11

What are endocrine glands?

Answer 11

Groups of endocrine cells that are dedicated to perform a specific function

Question 12

What does the hypothalamus produce?

Answer 12

Responsible for the production of anti diuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin and regulatory hormones

Question 13

What does the posterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 13

Secretes oxytocin and ADH

Question 14

What does the anterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 14

ACTH- adrenocorticotropin hormone 
TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone 
GH- growth hormone
PRL- prolactin 
FSH- follicle stimulating hormone 
LH-luteinising hormone  

These hormones are regulated by the secretion of regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus

Question 15

What does the pineal gland secrete?

Answer 15

The pineal gland secretes melatonin

- responsible for the ‘body clock’

Question 16

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 16

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

Question 17

What do the parathyroid glands secrete?

Answer 17

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 18

What does the thymus secrete?

Answer 18

The thymus undergoes atrophy during adulthood and secreted thymusin

Question 19

What does the heart secrete?

Answer 19

Naturetic peptides- decreases blood pressure

Question 20

What does the digestive tract secrete?

Answer 20

• Gastrin
• Somatostatin
• Secretin
• CCK
• GIP
• VIP

Question 21

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 21

• Insulin

- Glucagon

Question 22

What do the kidneys secrete?

Answer 22

Erythropoietin- stimulates RBC production

Calcitriol

Question 23

What do the adrenal glands secretes?

Answer 23

Cortex- cortisol and aldosterone

Medulla- adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 24

What does adipose tissue secrete?

Answer 24

Leptin

Question 25

What do the gonads secrete?

Answer 25

Testes- androgens (testosterone) | Ovaries- oestrogen, progesterone, inhibin

Question 26

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 26

Below the hypothalamus, in the brain

Question 27

What is the posterior pituitary also known as?

Answer 27

Neurohypophysis

Question 28

What is the anterior pituitary also known as?

Answer 28

Adenohypophysis

Question 29

What do the posterior pituitary hormones target?

Answer 29

ADH- water retention in the kidney tubules Oxytocin- lactation (mammary glands) and contraction of the uterus in childbirth - in the posterior pituitary, hormones are produces in the hypothalamus and secreted by the PP

Question 30

What do the anterior pituitary hormones target?

Answer 30

Prolactin- milk production in the mammary glands Growth hormone- tissues e.g. bone for growth FSH- testes/ovaries LH- testes/ ovaries TSH- stimulates thyroid to secrete hormones ACTH- cortisol release from the adrenal glands