Armando Hasudungan Flashcards
Based of off his YouTube videos
What is the endocrine system’s main purpose
To maintain homeostatic environment through the use of hormones
What are hormones?
Signalling molecules
What is the difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system
- Neurotransmitters initiates a short term, quick response
- Hormones initiate a long term, slow response
What is endocrine signalling?
Endocrine cells release hormones into the bloodstream to target a cell (distant cell)
What is paracrine signalling?
Endocrine cell releases hormones that act on a nearby cell
What is a free form hormone?
Circulates the body through the bloodstream and is cleared quickly
What are lipid hormones (protein bound hormones)?
Hormones that are bound to proteins and travel through the blood stream
What do lipid derivative hormones bind to?
Steroid hormones or thyroid hormones.
-Cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm
What do amino acid derived and peptide hormones bind to?
Peptide hormones and most hormones derived from an amino acid bind to receptors on the cell membrane
What secretes glucagon?
Alpha cells of the pancreas
What are endocrine glands?
Groups of endocrine cells that are dedicated to perform a specific function
What does the hypothalamus produce?
Responsible for the production of anti diuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin and regulatory hormones
What does the posterior pituitary secrete?
Secretes oxytocin and ADH
What does the anterior pituitary secrete?
ACTH- adrenocorticotropin hormone TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone GH- growth hormone PRL- prolactin FSH- follicle stimulating hormone LH-luteinising hormone
These hormones are regulated by the secretion of regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus
What does the pineal gland secrete?
The pineal gland secretes melatonin
- responsible for the ‘body clock’
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
What do the parathyroid glands secrete?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What does the thymus secrete?
The thymus undergoes atrophy during adulthood and secreted thymusin
What does the heart secrete?
Naturetic peptides- decreases blood pressure
What does the digestive tract secrete?
- Gastrin
- Somatostatin
- Secretin
- CCK
- GIP
- VIP
What does the pancreas secrete?
- Insulin
- Glucagon
What do the kidneys secrete?
Erythropoietin- stimulates RBC production
Calcitriol
What do the adrenal glands secretes?
Cortex- cortisol and aldosterone
Medulla- adrenaline and noradrenaline
What does adipose tissue secrete?
Leptin
What do the gonads secrete?
Testes- androgens (testosterone)
Ovaries- oestrogen, progesterone, inhibin
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Below the hypothalamus, in the brain
What is the posterior pituitary also known as?
Neurohypophysis
What is the anterior pituitary also known as?
Adenohypophysis
What do the posterior pituitary hormones target?
ADH- water retention in the kidney tubules
Oxytocin- lactation (mammary glands) and contraction of the uterus in childbirth
- in the posterior pituitary, hormones are produces in the hypothalamus and secreted by the PP
What do the anterior pituitary hormones target?
Prolactin- milk production in the mammary glands
Growth hormone- tissues e.g. bone for growth
FSH- testes/ovaries
LH- testes/ ovaries
TSH- stimulates thyroid to secrete hormones
ACTH- cortisol release from the adrenal glands
