Lecture 6: Team & Leadership. Organisational Design Flashcards
List 5 Key resources for IT start-ups
- Leader and team
- Relationships and Networks
- Business Plan
- Assets - especially intellectual property
- Cash - think cash last (but cash is oxygen)
Why create a team?
- solve problems
- create artefacts
- make decisions
- bring about change
- achieve common goals
So what to consider when developing a team?
- Recruit the right people
- ensure right “chemistry”
- share similar values and attitudes
- accept their roles in the teams
- accept the vision as a team
List the 4 stages of Team development
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
there is a 5: Mourning
Explain the behaviour of the team during
Forming and Storming phases
Forming
Team is a set of individuals. Probing, testing each other.
Storming
Internal conflicts arise between leadership and principles
Explain the behaviour of the team during the
Norming and Performing StagesNO
Norming
Team creates norms, rules of behaviour and processes
Performing
The team becomes mature and capable
List the behaviour of the individuals in the team
in all 4 stages
Forming
Polite, Impersonal, Guarded
Storming
Confrontation, Opt-out, Motivation issues, Feeling stuck
Norming
Getting organised, Setting processes, giving feedback, confronting issues
Performing
Closeness, flexible, tolerant, supportive, sharing
Team Management
List the behaviour of the individuals in a team
Forming
Visionary, Autocratic, Dominance
Storming
Coach, Benevolent, Influence
Norming
Trouble-shooter, Consultative, Conscientiousness
Performing
Manager, Participative, Steadiness
List the Management tasks and Communication of the four phases: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing
Forming
- Plan, Communicate, Tell
Storming
- Organise, Motivate, Sell
Norming
- Direct, Educate, Involve
Performing
- Control, Administer, Delegate
What does Leadership mean? Explain as a Property and as a Process
As a process:
A process of social- influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment in a common task.
As a property
Leadership is the set of characteristics attributed to individuals who are perceived to use such influence successfully.
Give examples of types of Leaders
- Autocrates
- Participative
- Democratic
- Laissez- Faire
Explain Autocrates leadership
Make decisions and issue orders and instructions
Advantages: quick decision making, less skilled workers can be hired, short-term success
Disadvantages: Inhibits the innovative power of workers, has a negative impact on the organisational productivity in med - long term
Suits: short term projects, wide span of control, low skilled workforce/monotonous work
Explain Laissez-Fair Leadership
Used to describe a leader who leaves his/her colleagues to get on with their work.
Advantages: increases morale of employees by striving for higher job satisfaction
Disadvantages: can make employees feel insecure, result in reduced feedback to employees
Suits: employees who are highly skilled, experienced and educated. Employees have pride in their work and are capable of independently completing it successfully.
What two main types of Leaderships are used in the IT profession?
Democratic:
Promotes the sharing of responsibility, the exercise of delegation and continual consultation
Adv: Positive work environment, creative thinking
Dis: Delay in decision making, Employees may be unwilling to participate
Participative:
Leaders take all decisions in consultation with their followers
Adv: physcological involvement, motivational, reduction in turnover and absemteeism.
Dis: Lengthy and “boring” decision making
Familiarise with Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
Why have business partners?
- Faster marketing
- Broader product offering
- Complementarities
- Focus on core competence
- More efficient use of capital
- Economies of scale
- Unique customer knowledge or expertise
- Access to new markets
Name and explain 2 organisational designs
- Strategic Level - the composition and relationships of organisational units, processes, tehnology and organisation-wide systems
- Operational Level - organisational subunits and their work resources, reward systems and work environment or individual jobs
Structural Dimensions are?
- Formalisation (roles, rules and procedures)
- Specialisation (division of labour)
- Hierarchy of authority (span of control)
- Centralisation (decision making)
- Professionalism (education, training)
- Personal ratios (% of total no. of employees)
Types of orgnisational structures.
- Traditional
- simple
- functional
- divisional
- Contemporary
- team
- matrix
- project
Explain simple, functional and divisional organisational structures.
-
Simple
- small business start ups
- usually one principal and all employees report to them
- Employees share functions
- Little policy or procedures.
-
Functional
- staff with similar functions and roles are grouped together
- e.g. production, marketing and sales, accounting
-
Divisional
- each division is self-contained. with own responsibilites, operates independently of each other
Explain Team/Matrix/Project
- The organisation is made up of teams.
- structure is fluid and team compositions will change
- team may sometimes focus on specific projects
- teams can be virtual
- management is centralised and can be based on programs of work
What are several types of ownerships?
- Sole Trader
- Partnerships ( and Joint Ventures)
- Company
- not discussed: Trust and Association
Explain what a Sole trader is?
- You are the firms sole owner and have complete control
- you own all assets and are responsible for all debts
- you reap all profits
- simple business structure
- tax advantages when profits are lower
- relatively easy to shut down
Explain partnership as a ownership.
General partnership: all parties are equally responsible for the management of the business and each has unlimited liability for debts and obligations
Limited Partnership: where one or more partners has limited ownership and obligations. Partners share profits in accordance with their partnership agreement. If one partner leaves, a new partnership needs to be constituted
Explain what company ownership is?
- Can be owned by one or more people via shares
- Privately held or publicly traded
- Has limited liability (unless guarantees are in place)
- Shareholders are not responsible for company debt
- Must be registered
- Has considerable reporting responsibilities
- Directors are held to account for activities
