Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 2 Module 1 > Lecture 6: pharyngeal > Flashcards

Lecture 6: pharyngeal Flashcards

1
Q

start of bilateral pharyngeal apparatus development

A

4-5 weeks post fertilization

in a cranial to caudal sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 pairs of temporary embryonic structures

A
  • pharyngeal arches
  • pharyngeal grooves (clefts)
  • pharyngeal pouches
  • pharyngeal membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pharyngeal arches

A

5 pairs of arches (5th arch almost never forms)
-mesenchymal core (paraxial mesoderm, neural crest cells, and lateral plate) lined on the outside by ectoderm and endoderm on the inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pharyngeal grooves (clefts)

A

external aspect (ectoderm-epidermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pharyngeal pouches

A

4 well defined internal structures formed by outpockting of the endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pharyngeal membranes

A

two layered structures of ectoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

each pharyngeal arch contains

A
  • cartilagenous skeletal component (neural crest cell derived)
  • connective tissue (neural crest cell derived) and muscle component (paraxial mesoderm)
  • cranial nerve
  • aortic arch artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

intramembranous bone formation

A
  • bone develops in well vascularized mesenchyme
  • absence of cartilage model
  • develops flat bones of face and skull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

intra cartilaginous (endochondral) bone formation

A

-bone formation in a pre-existing cartilage model (limb bones, weight bearing bones, and some bones of the pharyngeal apparatus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 prominence of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

maxillary and mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

maxillary prominence

A
  • cartilage: palatopterygoquadrate

- cartilage regresses and leaves no adult remnants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mandibular prominence

A
  • large contribution to the face

- cartilage: meckel’s cartilage: leaves some adult structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

meckel’s cartilage gives rise to

A

-incus
-malleus
by endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

perichondrium of meckel’s cartilage forms

A
  • anterior ligament of the malleus

- sphenomandibular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

intramembranous in the maxillary prominence forms

A
  • squamous portions of the temporal bone
  • maxillary bone
  • zygomatic bone
  • palatine bone
  • from mesenchyme derived from neural crest cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

intramembranous in the mandibular prominence forms

A

mandible

*from mesenchyme derived from neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

muscle components of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A
  • 4 muscles of mastication
  • tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani
  • anterior belly of the digastric
  • mylohyoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

nerve components of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A
  • mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN5) supplies muscles
  • sensory to the skin of the face is through the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN5)
19
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch (hyoid arch) cartilage

A

reichert’s cartilage

endochondral ossification

20
Q

reichert’s cartilage gives rise to

A
  • stapes
  • styloid process
  • stylohyoid ligament
  • lesser horn and upper body of the hyoid bone
21
Q

muscle components of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A
  • muscles of facial expression
  • stapedius
  • stylohyoid
  • posterior belly of the digastric
22
Q

nerve components of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

facial nerve (CN 7)

23
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch gives rise to

A

lower part of the body and greater horn of the hyoid bone

-endochondral ossification

24
Q

muscle components of the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

stylopharyngeus

25
Q

nerve components of the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

glossopharyngeal (CN 9)

26
Q

4th and 6th pharyngeal arches

A
  • merge together
  • form the laryngeal cartilages from lateral plate mesoderm
  • ossification does not occur in these cartilages
27
Q

muscle components of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch

A
  • muscles of the soft palate
  • muscles of the pharynx
  • intrinsic muscles of the larynx
  • muscles of the upper esophagus
28
Q

nerve components of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch

A

vagus nerve (CN10)

29
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch

A
  • forms a stalk like extension (tubotympanic recess)
  • expands towards the 1st pharyngeal cleft (future external acoustic meatus)
  • distal portion expands to form the epithelial lining of tympanic cavity, proximal narrow portions forms the auditory tube (eustachian tube)
  • *tympanic ear cavity and auditory tube
30
Q

2nd pharyngeal pouch

A
  • endoderm proliferates and forms buds that extend into the mesenchyme
  • buds infiltrated by lymphatic tissue
  • part of the pouch remains as the palatine fossa
  • *palatine tonsil
31
Q

3rd pharyngeal pouch

A

dorsal region: **inferior parathyroid gland (secrete PTH)

ventral: stoma of the **thymus

32
Q

4th pharyngeal pouch

A

dorsal region: **superior parathyroid gland

ventral region: **ultimobranchial body (cells derived from neural crest cells)

33
Q

1st pharyngeal cleft

A

external acoustic meatus

34
Q

1st pharyngeal membrane

A

tympanic membrane

35
Q

tongue development begins

A

week 4 of development

36
Q

tongue arises from

A

proliferation of endoderm (and mesenchyme) of the pharyngeal floor
-swellings give rise tot ehe mucous membrane (epithelium and CT) of the tongue

37
Q

pharyngeal arch 1 (tongue)

A

forms anterior 2/3 of the tongue

  • median swelling midline
  • two lateral swellings
  • fuse midline
38
Q

terminal sulcus

A

location where the anterior and posterior portions of the tongue fuse

39
Q

copula

A

formed by the endoderm and underlying mesenchyme of the 2nd arch

40
Q

hypobranchial eminence

A

formed by the endoderm and underlying mesonchyme of the 3rd and 4th arches

41
Q

which arch does not contribute to the mucosa of the adult tongue

A

2nd arch because the 3rd overgrows the 2nd

42
Q

posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

formed by the 3rd and 4th arch endoderm

innervated by CN9 and 10

43
Q

muscles of the tongue arise from..

A

the myotomes of the occipital somites that migrate forward towards the developing tongue
innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN12) except the palatonglossus

Anatomy 2 Module 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions