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Anatomy 2 Module 1 > Lecture 4: digestive system > Flashcards

Lecture 4: digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

the endodermal gut tube is formed

A

by body folding

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2
Q

epithelial tube is surrounded by..

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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3
Q

endoderm gives rise to the

A

epithelial cells of the gut tube (pharyngeal foregut, digestive system and respiratory system)

epithelial linning and glands of the digestive system

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4
Q

splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to

A

smooth muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels, visceral mesothelium

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5
Q

vitelline duct

A

communication between the midgut and the yolk sac

-this connection becomes the core of the umbilical cord

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6
Q

primordial gut is closed at

A

the ends of the oropharyngeal membrane and the cloacal membrane

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7
Q

bilayer dorsal mesentery

A

suspends the abdominal viscera in the body cavity

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8
Q

ventral mesentery

A

connects the stomach and liver to the ventral body wall

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9
Q

regions of the pharyngeal foregut

A

buccopharyngeal membrane to respiratory diverticulum

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10
Q

regions of the proper foregut

A

caudal to pharyngeal tube to superior duodenum (superior to ampulla of pancreatic duct)

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11
Q

regions of the midgut

A

inferior to bile duct/pancreatic duct to the junction of the right two-thirds and left third of the transverse colon

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12
Q

regions of the hindgut

A

left third of transverse colon to the cloacal membrane

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13
Q

derivatives of the foregut

A
  • lower respiratory tract
  • esophagus to duodenum (proximal to bile duct only)
  • liver and biliary apparatys (hepatic ducts, gallbladder and bile duct), pancreas
  • the artery of the foregut is the celiac trunk
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14
Q

derivatives of the midgut

A
  • inferior duodenum to the right 2/3 of transverse colon

- the artery of the midgut is the superior mesenteric artery

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15
Q

derivatives of the hindgut

A
  • left 1/3 of transverse colon to the rectum upper anal canal
  • endoderm of the handgun also forms the epithelial lining of the bladder and urethra
  • the artery of the hindgut is the inferior mesenteric artery
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16
Q

where does the esophagus develop

A

at the ventral wall of the foregut below the pharynx

17
Q

esophageal muscle fiber of the upper 1/3

A

striated (muscular externa)
derived from myotomes
innervated by vagus nerve (CN X)

18
Q

esophageal muscle fiber of the lower 2/3

A

smooth
derived from splanchnic mesenchyme
innervated by vagus nerve (CN X)

19
Q

esophagotracheal septum

A

partitions the trachea from the esophagus

20
Q

foregut development

A
  • stomach rotates 90 degrees clockwise around the longitudinal axis
  • rotation causes the duodenum to bend into a C shape and to the right
21
Q

—- and —- become retroperitoneal

A

pancreas and duodenum

22
Q

upper duodenum is —- and lower is —-

A

foregut and midgut

23
Q

duodenum is supplied by

A

both the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery

24
Q

hepatic diverticulum (liver bud) formation

A

endodermal thickening appears over ventral duodenum

25
Q

septum transversum

A

location where the hepatic diverticulum grows

26
Q

support stroma develop

A

from septum transversum and splanchnic mesoderm

27
Q

hepatocytes and biliary apparatus derive from

A

endoderm

28
Q

hepatic diverticulum divides into

A
  • large cranial portion that will give rise to the primordial of the liver
  • small ventral outgrowth of the bile duct that gives rise to the gallbladder and the cystic duct
29
Q

hepatic diverticulum and the gut tube stay connected via

A

duct that will later become the bile duct

30
Q

pancreas development

A
  • initially a ventral and dorsal bud originating from endoderm of duodenum
  • rotation of the gut tube moves ventral bud dorsally and both fuse
31
Q

primitive umbilical ring

A

junction of embryonic ectoderm and the amnion

32
Q

at week 5 which structures pass through the primitive umbilical ring

A
  • connecting stalk with umbilical vessels
  • yolk stalk (connects midgut to yolk sac)
  • canal connecting intra and extra embryonic cavities
  • wharton’s jelly (protects blood vessels)
  • yolk sac is in the chorionic cavity
33
Q

physiological herniation

A

intestinal loop enter the extra embryonic cavity during 6th week of development

34
Q

physiological herniation is due to

A
  • continued midgut elongation (growth of the small intestine is more rapid and greater than growth of the abdomen)
  • rapid growth and expansion of the liver (abdominal cavity is too small for the organs)
35
Q

development of the hindgut

A

-dorsal mesentery shortens and the descending colon becomes retroperitoneal

Anatomy 2 Module 1 (6 decks)

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