Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

511 > Lecture 6 - Part 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Greatest global inequality in?

A

maternal deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Maternal Mortality Ratio?

A

deaths during pregnancy and 42 days postpartum
OVER
100,000 live births

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the maternal mortality ratio in developed vs developing countries?

A

developed: 12/100,000
developing: 205/100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the maternal mortality ratio in Canada?

A

6/100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which country has the highest maternal mortality ratio?

A

Sierra Leone 1,360/100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Every day, how many women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth?

A

830

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What % of all maternal deaths occur in developing countries?

A

99%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Between 1990 and 2018, maternal mortality worldwide dropped by what %?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the sustainable development goal related to global maternal mortality?

A

Between 2016 and 2030, the target is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100000 live births

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Half of all the gains in maternal mortality can be attributed to?

A

gains made in india

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Lifetime risk of maternal mortality in high income countries? low income?

A

high income: 1/5000
low income: 1/200
*note that this risk is also affected by fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What could potentially bias estimates of the causes maternal mortality?

A

the fact that only 30% of women in lower income countries give birth in hospitals and if they die in their home, it’s possible the cause of death will be inaccurate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 6 top cause of maternal mortality (in order)

A
  1. Haemorrhage (35%)
  2. Hypertension (18%)
  3. Indirect (18%)
  4. Other direct (12%)
  5. Abortion (9%)
  6. Sepsis (8%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Mexico City Policy?

A

Also referred to as the gag rule

it is a US policy that blocks US federal funding for NGOs that provide counselling, referrals, advocate to decriminalize abortion or expand abortion services.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What % of women worldwide report sexual violence?

A

35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did a south african survey find about attitudes about forced sex?

A

62% of adolescent boys saw nothing wrong with forced sex

17
Q

Why is Sweden rated so highly in world rankings of sexual violence?

A

probably because of differences in reporting, rather than it actually being more common (less stigmatized)

18
Q

What % of Sierra Leone’s women face sexual or physical violence during their lifetime?

A

almost 50%

19
Q

What % of Sierra Leone’s women have been victims of genital cutting?

A

90%

20
Q

Abortion is still illegal in how many countries?

A

3

21
Q

How many unsafe abortions occur every year?

how many deaths result?

A

20 million

70,000

22
Q

What is the second cause of death for 15-19 year-old girls globally?

A

Complications during pregnancy and childbirth

23
Q

How many girls aged 15-19 give birth every year?

How many under 15?

A

15-19: 16 million

under 15: 1 million

24
Q

What strategies have been tried to make home deliveries safer?

A
  1. Trained Traditional birth attendants

2. Skilled birth attendants

25
Q

Which methods for improving the safety of deliveries have failed?

which have worked?

A

Trained Traditional birth attendants -> No impact

Skilled birth attendants: 3-6 months of paramedic training and then additional training -> still little impact

The main thing that improves outcomes in delivering in a hospital or health facility, so now the focus is on encouraging that whenever possible

26
Q

What are the leading causes of under 5 mortality? (top 2)

A
  1. Preterm birth

2. Pneumonia

27
Q

What % of under 5 deaths are in the neonatal period?

A

45%

28
Q

Where do over 80% of under 5 deaths occur?

A

sub saharan africa and south east asia

29
Q

How many deaths each year are averted by vaccination? How many more could be averted if vaccination coverage improved?

A

2-3 million

an additional 1.5 million

30
Q

What is the Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness?

A

an integrated approach to child health that focuses on the well-being of the whole child

includes both preventive and curative elements that are implemented by families and communities as well as by health facilities

31
Q

What are the components of Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness?

A
  1. Improving case management skills of health-care staff
  2. Improving overall health systems
  3. Improving family and community health practices
32
Q

What is the Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness case management process?

A
  1. Assess a child
  2. Classify a child’s illnesses
  3. Identify treatments for the child.
  4. Treatment instructions
  5. Counsel the mother to solve any feeding problems and her own health.
  6. When a child is brought back to the clinic give follow-up care and if necessary reassess the child for new problems
33
Q

What are the colour codes used in Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness case-management and what do they mean?

A

Red - urgent pre-referral treatments and referral

Yellow - specific medical treatment and advice

Green - simple advice on home management

34
Q

What are the key family practiced that are promoted by the IMNCI? (12) - not sure if should bother memorizing all

A
  1. Exclusive Breastfeeding
  2. Complementary feeding / Weaning
  3. Micronutrients supplementation for vitamin A, iron and zinc
  4. Hygiene. Dispose of faeces and wash hands.
  5. Immunization as per EPI.
  6. Preventing Malaria.
  7. Promote mental and social development by responding to a child’s needs for care
  8. Home care during Illness
  9. Give sick children appropriate home treatment for infections.
  10. Care Seeking.
  11. Compliance with advice
  12. Antenatal Care
35
Q

What has the greatest impact on preventing pneumonia in under 5s?

A

hand washing

36
Q

What are two drawbacks to the IMNCI?

A
  1. Can be overwhelming for health workers

2. requires a lot of supervision and background support

37
Q

What is Integrated Community Case Management?

A

Community Health Workers are trained, supplied and supervised to diagnose and treat children for m1alaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea

38
Q

What evidence is there to support Community Case Management?

A

when newborns suspected to have sepsis were seen my community health workers only 5% died vs. 17% who saw a qualified medical professional

39
Q

What were the 6 “red button” signs indicating need to refer identified by the WHO

What was the problem with this and how was it improved?

A
  1. Suddenly not feeding
  2. Feeling cold to touch
  3. Convulsion
  4. Disoriented, difficult to engage
  5. Repeated vomiting
  6. Difficulty breathing

Of those referred only 17% admitted.
A prediction equation was created which raised admissions to 52%

implications for cost**

511 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions