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511 > Lecture 1 - Part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is global health?

A

In its broadest sense, global health is about making the world a healthier place

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2
Q

What are the origins of global health?

A
  • has its origins in colonial medicine, then missionary medicine, tropical medicine, and international health
  • it is a reaction to the imperialistic “international health” practices
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3
Q

What are 6 things needed to make global health work?

A
  1. Recognition of shared interests
  2. Disease and risks transcend borders
  3. Global cooperation, e.g. SDGs, outbreaks
  4. Interdisciplinary engagement
  5. Focus on resource constrained populations
  6. Strengthened health systems
  7. Improved access and coverage
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4
Q

What is the Equity checklist (9 items)

A
  1. Collaboration
  2. Commitment to an active practice, reflection and dialogue (thinking about what we are doing)
  3. Critical assessment of what has been done in the past
  4. Humility (beleifs, values, assumptions)
  5. Attunement to power and contexts implicit in inequity (we have power over other countries)
  6. Knowledge stewardship (share knowledge)
  7. Ethics
  8. Reciprocity
  9. Inclusivity (get everybody involved)
    CCCHAKERI
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5
Q

Roughly how many women die every day from complications of pregnancy and childbirth?

A

800

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6
Q

How many children under the age of 5 die every year?

A

Just under 6 million

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7
Q

What is is the leading under-five killer worldwide?

A

preterm birth

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8
Q

What is the leading cause of disability worldwide?

A

Mental health disorders

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9
Q

How many people die from road traffic injuries every day?

A

Nearly 3500 people

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10
Q

How much has child mortality decreased in the past few years?

A

5%

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11
Q

What is the GHEC/CUGH definition of global health?

A

“In contrast with international health, the goals of global health are to foster social development to achieve optimal health by highlighting the socioeconomic, environmental and cultural factors of the causes of different diseases that transcend national borders, class, race, ethnicity and cultural divisions.”

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12
Q

What is the “Towards a common definition of global health (Koplan et al, Lancet, 2009)” definition of global health?

A

“…the area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide.”

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13
Q

What is the R. Horton (Lancet) definition of global health?

A

“Global health is an attitude. It is a way of looking at the world. It is a statement about our commitment to health as a fundamental quality of liberty and equality”

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14
Q

What is PAHO and when was it established?

A

Pan American Health Organization, 1905

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15
Q

What is the WHO and when was it established?

A

World Health Organization, 1946

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16
Q

What is HFA and when was it established?

A

Health for all, 2000

17
Q

What are the millennium development goals?

A

8 goals set in 2000 by the united nations

18
Q

What are the sustainable development goals?

A

Millennium development goals were updated in 2015

On September 25th 2015, 193 world leaders committed to 17 Global Goals.

19
Q

What are the health effects of climate change? (9)

A

Increases in mortality and morbidity as a result of:

1) heat events and related occupational health risks
2) increased social and mental stress
3) increased exposure to chemical and
4) biological contaminants
5) bacteria, viruses and other pathogens carried by mosquitoes, ticks and animals
6) increased exposure to ultraviolet rays
7) increased demands on health systems
8) disruptive social networks
9) loss of shelter and essential infrastructures.

20
Q

what % of mortality can be attributed to climate change?

A

25%

21
Q

How many TB deaths in 2014?

A

1.5 million

22
Q

How many AIDS deaths in 2015?

A

1.1 Million

23
Q

How many new adult HIV infections in 2015

A

2.1 Million

24
Q

How many infected with roundworm in 2013?

A

807-1,121 MILLION

25
Q

What is the know do gap?

A

It’s the gap between what we know (what, who, how) and actual practice (which does not always reflect available knowledge)

Health Systems, Social Determinants serve as facilitators or barriers to closing the know do gap.

26
Q

What is needed for strengthening Health Systems?

A

A constellation of actors and organizations whose primary purpose is to promote, maintain or restore health
+
An interconnected rules and policies that define roles, responsibilities and accountability
+
Committed funding and health manpower

(not sure I fully understand, maybe remove)

27
Q

What are the 3 components of Health Systems?

A
  1. Elements
  2. Modifiers
  3. Outcomes
28
Q

What are Health System Elements? (6)

A
  1. Human Resources
  2. Financing
  3. Technologies
  4. Service Delivery
  5. Governance/Leadership
  6. Information Systems
29
Q

What are Health System Modifiers? (5)

A
  1. Security (including war)
  2. Facilities
  3. Policies
  4. Intuitions
  5. Money
30
Q

What are Health System Outcomes? (3)

A
  1. Health
  2. Equity
  3. Efficiency
31
Q

What happens if any Health System Elements breaks down?

A

They all break down

32
Q

What are the first 4 millennium development goals?

A
  1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
  2. Achieve universal primary education
  3. Promote gender equality and empower women
  4. Reduce child mortality
33
Q

What are the next 4 millennium development goals?

A
  1. improve maternal health
  2. combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
  3. Ensure environmental sustainability
  4. Develop a global partnership for development
34
Q

What is the unmet potential of existing, proven, preventive and curative interventions for child and maternal health?

A

preventing 4 million under-five lives lost/year

35
Q

What is an example of a proven intervention that is not being used to its full potential?

A

zinc for diarrhea - only being given in 25% of cases

36
Q

What are the 4 ingredients for success in global health?

A
  1. Excellence: You have to excel in your chosen field
  2. Optimism is a key quality – you need to believe that you can make a difference.
  3. Perseverance is another critical quality – it is not easy to improve health in many resource-poor settings, and we need to be in it for the long haul.
  4. Team work is obviously crucial. Large scale impact will never be achieved by individuals or single disciplines.

511 (17 decks)

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