Lecture 6 - Part 1

Question 1

How many neglected tropical diseases are there? Across how many countries?

Answer 1

20 diseases

across 150 countries

Question 2

Which 3 neglected tropical diseases are transmitted in Canada?

Answer 2

1. Rabies
2. Scabies
3. Echinococcosis

Question 3

Which 3 NTD were just added?

Answer 3

1. Mycetoma
2. Scabies
3. Snake bite envenoming

Question 4

Why are they neglected?

Answer 4

1. Because they affect the poorest people and poorest countries (LMICs)
2. They are related to the poorest basic needs indicators
3. There is Inadequate data/statistics, funding, R&D, and investment in training in NTDs

Question 5

How many people die of NTDs annually?

Answer 5

350,000 deaths annually

Question 6

What percent of low income countries are dealing with more than 5 NTDs?

Answer 6

100%

Question 7

What % of people with an NTD have 2 or more NTDs?

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

What is the only disease to have been Eradicated? in what year?

Answer 8

Smallpox

Last case was 1977, declared eradicated by WHO in 1979

Question 9

What NTDs are eradicable? (2)

Answer 9

– Dracunculiasis (by 2020?)

– Yaws (by 2020?)

Question 10

What NTDs are eliminable? (3)

Answer 10

– Lymphatic filariasis
– Human African trypanosomiasis
– Trachoma

Question 11

What are the reasons that Smallpox Eradication was Successful? (6)

Answer 11

1. No known animal reservoir
2. No long-term carriers of virus
3. Single attack provided lifelong immunity
4. Detection easy – rash characteristic
5. Effective easily-administered heat-stable vaccine
6. Eradication was cost-effective

Question 12

How is Dracunculiasis acquired?

Answer 12

Acquired by drinking water contaminated with infected copepods (Cyclops) (water fleas)

Question 13

What treatment is there for Dracunculiasis

Answer 13

none

Question 14

What are 2 measures to prevent Dracunculiasis?

Answer 14

1. drinking filtered water

2. avoiding putting infected feet in water

Question 15

What progress has been made on prevention of Dracunculiasis since the 1980s?

Answer 15

21 cases (down from 3.5 million in 1980s)

of 21 original endemic countries, only 2 remaining endemic countries (Chad, South Sudan)

Question 16

What is an unexpected obstacle to the elimination of Dracunculiasis

Answer 16

Cases in dogs, cats, fish

Question 17

What is Yaws and how is it transmitted?

Answer 17

A bacterial infection that affects skin,joints, bones, and can lead to death in severe cases

It is transmitted via skin to skin contact

Question 18

What are soil-transmitted helminth infections (STHs)?

Answer 18

STHs is a group of intestinal worms comprising:
– Roundworms: Ascaris lumbricoides
– Whipworms: Trichuris trichiura
– Hookworms: Anclyostoma duodenale
Necator americanus

Question 19

How many people are affected by STHs?

Answer 19

Endemic in over 100 countries, affecting >1 billion people globally

Question 20

What age is the peak prevalence of roundworm and whipworm?

Answer 20

School aged children (5-15)

Question 21

What is the other name for roundworms?

Answer 21

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 22

What is the other name for whipworms?

Answer 22

Trichuris trichiura

Question 23

What is the other name for hookworms?

Answer 23

Anclyostoma duodenale

Necator americanus

Question 24

What % of children have had roundworms by the time they are 15?
whipworms? hookworms?

Answer 24

– Roundworms: 100%
– Whipworms: Almost 100%
– Hookworms: under 40%

-> not sure if accurate, going off profs example question but seems to contradict the graph

Question 25

Which NTD accounts for the most DALYs?

Answer 25

Soil-transmitted helminthiasis

Question 26

Why is it that even if all children are treated for Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in an endemic area, cases will start to creep up again?

Answer 26

Because the environment hasn’t changed

Question 27

Stopped on

Answer 27

slide 30