Lecture 6 - Pain (1 of 4) Flashcards
Pain
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage
6 characteristics that accompany definition of pain
- Always a personal experiencing depending on biological, psychological and social factors
- Pain and nociception are different phenomena (pain cant be inferred from only receptors)
- Individuals learn concept of pain through life experiences
- A persons experience of pain should be respected
- Pain can have adverse effects on social and psychological well-being
- Pain can be expressed verbally and non-verbally
T or F: Pain is the input
F, pain is the output
T or F: Nociception is neither necessary nor sufficient for the experience of pain
T
5 characteristics of good pain
- Predicatable
- Known source/cause
- Known duration
- Known method for relief
- Long term effects are not bad (might be good)
5 characteristics of bad pain
- Unpredictable
- Unknow source/cause
- Unknown duration
- Unknown method for relief
- Unknown long-term effects
What is one way to differentiate between acute and chronic pain
Chronic pain is maladaptive and not adaptive like acute pain
T or F: Pain and disability are the same thing
F, they are not
Describe the Gate Control Theory (Melzack and Wall)
- There are low threshold receptors (L-> eg. receptors wont detect the feeling of wearing clothes) and high threshold receptors (S-> eg. receptors will detect stepping on a tac).
- The low threshold receptors and high threshold receptors both synapse on the the spinothalamic tract/transmission cell (T) and the substantia gelatinosa/interneuron (SG).
- SG inhibits T
- L activates SG to inhibit signaling to T, preventing (closes the gate) the stimulus being sent to the action system . S inhibits SG, activating (opening the gate) T to transmit a signal to the action system
**Note: Central control is there just to show the brain plays a role in carrying out these stimuli responses
Describe the neuromatrix model (Melzack)
Model describes more about what occurs at the brain:
1. Information comes in from the periphery, while also interpreting the cognitive meanings and emotional state at the time of a stimuli.
2. The cognitive, affective and sensory area of the brain (body-self neuromatrix) interpret this information and produces outputs. 3. The outputs are perceptions, actions, and/or protective mechanisms to respond to the stimuli input to regain homeostasis.
Describe the Mature Organism Model (Gifford)
Similar to neuromatrix model:
CNS is constantly sampling our periphery, so when damage occurs from environment/tissue, all inputs are then brought to the brain and provides a series of outputs to respond to pain
Describe the Biopsychomotor Model (Sullivan)
Experience of pain is shaped by social environment
Describe the multimodal assessment model (Wideman)
1.Pain is at center of experience
2. external observer is trying to understand experience but it is hidden from them
3. Solution: you can get patients narrative/expression of their pain and listen to their narrative
